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Optically detected magnetic resonance to characterize atomlike microwave-optical transducers

Li Ma, Luke S. Trainor, Gavin G. G. King, Harald G. L. Schwefel, and Jevon J. Longdell*

  • Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand and The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand

  • *jevon.longdell@otago.ac.nz
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Phys. Rev. A 107, 053514 – Published 15 May, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.053514

Abstract

We introduce a method for optically detected magnetic resonance for atomlike systems in an optical resonator. Driving the spin transitions of these systems with microwaves causes changes to the populations of the ground-state spin levels, which we detect by changes in the optical cavity frequency. The technique is useful for characterizing experiments aimed at quantum microwave-to-optical transduction because it provides a way of only probing the spin transitions of the atomlike systems that are in the optical resonator's mode. We demonstrate the technique using a cryogenic erbium-doped whispering-gallery-mode resonator inside a microwave resonator. We compare our results with more standard electron paramagnetic resonance to show that our optical modes are confined to a region of large microwave magnetic-field amplitude. Our optical modes have a Q factor better than 108 making them the highest Q-factor resonators studied with cryogenic rare-earth-ion dopants, allowing us to report ensemble strong coupling between the erbium dopants and an optical whispering-gallery-mode resonator.

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Phys. Rev. A 107, 053514– Published 15 May, 2023
  • Received 3 November 2022
  • Accepted 28 April 2023
Article part of CHORUS
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