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Dynamical mean-field-driven spinor-condensate physics beyond the single-mode approximation

Jianwen Jie1,2,3,4, Shan Zhong1,2, Qimin Zhang1,2, Isaiah Morgenstern1,2, Hio Giap Ooi1,2, Q. Guan1,2,5, Anita Bhagat1,2, Delaram Nematollahi1,2, A. Schwettmann1,2 et al.

D. Blume1,2

  • 1Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma, 440 W. Brooks Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
  • 2Center for Quantum Research and Technology, The University of Oklahoma, 440 W. Brooks Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
  • 3Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
  • 4Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
  • 5Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814, USA

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Phys. Rev. A 107, 053309 – Published 11 May, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.053309

Abstract

Na23 spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates are used to experimentally demonstrate that mean-field physics beyond the single-mode approximation can be relevant during the nonequilibrium dynamics. The experimentally observed spin oscillation dynamics and associated dynamical spatial structure formation confirm theoretical predictions that are derived by solving a set of coupled mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equations [J. Jie et al., Phys. Rev. A 102, 023324 (2020)]. The experiments rely on microwave dressing of the f=1 hyperfine states, where f denotes the total angular momentum of the Na23 atom. The fact that physics beyond the single-mode approximation at the mean-field level, i.e., spatial mean-field dynamics that distinguishes the spatial density profiles associated with different Zeeman levels, can, in certain parameter regimes, have a pronounced effect on the dynamics when the spin healing length is comparable to or larger than the size of the Bose-Einstein condensate has implications for using Bose-Einstein condensates as models for quantum phase transitions and spin squeezing studies as well as for nonlinear SU(1,1) interferometers.

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Phys. Rev. A 107, 053309– Published 11 May, 2023
  • Received 30 December 2020
  • Accepted 25 April 2023
Article part of CHORUS
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