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Half-quantum-vortex generation in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate by an oscillatory magnetic obstacle

Jong Heum Jung1 and Y. Shin1,2,3,*

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
  • 2Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
  • 3Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea

  • *yishin@snu.ac.kr
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Phys. Rev. A 107, 053304 – Published 3 May, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.053304

Abstract

We numerically investigate the dynamics of vortex generation in a two-dimensional, two-component Bose-Einstein condensate subjected to an oscillatory magnetic obstacle. The obstacle creates both repulsive and attractive Gaussian potentials for the two symmetric spin-↑ and ↓ components, respectively. We demonstrate that, as the oscillating frequency f increases, two distinct critical dynamics arise in the generation of half-quantum vortices (HQVs) with different spin circulations. Spin-↑ vortices are nucleated directly from the moving obstacle at low f, while the spin-↓ vortices are created at high f by breaking a spin wave pulse in front of the obstacle. We find that vortex generation is suppressed for sufficiently weak obstacles, in agreement with recent experimental results by Kim et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 095302 (2021)]. This suppression is caused by the finite sweeping distance of the oscillating obstacle and the reduction in friction in a supersonic regime. Finally, we show that the characteristic length scale of the HQV generation dynamics is determined by the spin healing length of the system.

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Phys. Rev. A 107, 053304– Published 3 May, 2023
  • Received 4 March 2023
  • Accepted 25 April 2023
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