Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Mixed discrete-variable Gaussian states

Nicolae Cotfas*

  • Department of Physics, University of Bucharest, P.O. Box MG-11, 077125 Bucharest, Romania

Phys. Rev. A 107, 052215 – Published 22 May, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.052215

Abstract

The quantum systems with finite-dimensional Hilbert space have several applications and are intensively explored theoretically and experimentally. The mathematical description of these systems follows the analogy with the usual infinite-dimensional case. There exist finite versions for most of the elements used in the continuous case, but here we provide a finite version corresponding to the mixed Gaussian states. Our aim is to fill this gap. The definition we propose for the mixed discrete Gaussian states is based on the explicit formulas we have obtained in the case of pure discrete-variable Gaussian states.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (47)

  1. H. Weyl, Theory of Groups and Quantum Mechanics (Dover, New York, 1950).
  2. J. Schwinger, Unitary operator bases, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 46, 570 (1960).
  3. W. K. Wootters, A Wigner-function formulation of finite-state quantum mechanics, Ann. Phys. 176, 1 (1987).
  4. W. K. Wootters and B. D. Fields, Optimal state-determination by mutually unbiased measurements, Ann. Phys. 191, 363 (1989).
  5. O. Cohendet, P. Combe, M. Sirugue and M. Sirugue-Collin, Torus as phase space: Weyl quantization, dequantization and Wigner formalism, J. Phys. A 21, 2875 (1988).
  6. D. Galetti and A. F. R. de Toledo Piza, An extended Weyl-Wigner transformation for special finite spaces, Physica A 149, 267 (1988).
  7. A. Vourdas, SU(2) and SU(1,1) phase states, Phys. Rev. A 41, 1653 (1990).
  8. A. Vourdas, Quantum systems with finite Hilbert space, Rep. Prog. Phys. 67, 267 (2004).
  9. G. Hadzitaskos and J. Tolar, Feynman path integral and ordering rules on discrete finite space, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 32, 517 (1993).
  10. V. Bužek, C. H. Keitel, and P. L. Knight, Sampling entropies and operational phase-space measurement. I. General formalism, Phys. Rev. A 51, 2575 (1995).
  11. T. Opatrný, V. Bužek, J. Bajer, and G. Drobný, Propensities in discrete phase spaces: Q function of a state in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space, Phys. Rev. A 52, 2419 (1995).
  12. T. Opatrný, D.-G. Welsch, and V. Bužek, Parametrized discrete phase-space functions, Phys. Rev. A 53, 3822 (1996).
  13. U. Leonhardt, Quantum-State Tomography and Discrete Wigner Function, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4101 (1995).
  14. U. Leonhardt, Discrete Wigner function and quantum-state tomography, Phys. Rev. A 53, 2998 (1996).
  15. D. Galetti and M. A. Marchiolli, Discrete coherent states and probability distributions in finite-dimensional spaces, Ann. Phys. 249, 454 (1996).
  16. J. Tolar and G. Hadzitaskos, Quantization on ZM and coherent states over ZM×ZM, J. Phys. A 30, 2509 (1997).
  17. A. Luis and J. Peřina, Discrete Wigner function for finite-dimensional systems, J. Phys. A 31, 1423 (1998).
  18. T. Hakioǧlu, Finite-dimensional Schwinger basis, deformed symmetries, Wigner function, and an algebraic approach to quantum phase, J. Phys. A 31, 6975 (1998).
  19. S. Zhang and A. Vourdas, Analytic representation of finite quantum systems, J. Phys. A 37, 8349 (2004).
  20. M. Ruzzi, M. A. Marchiolli and D. Galetti, Extended Cahill–Glauber formalism for finite-dimensional spaces: I. Fundamentals, J. Phys. A 38, 6239 (2005).
  21. A. B. Klimov, C. Muñoz, and L. L. Sánchez-Soto, Discrete coherent and squeezed states of many-qudit systems, Phys. Rev. A 80, 043836 (2009).
  22. M. A. Marchiolli and M. Ruzzi, Quasidistributions and coherent states for finite-dimensional quantum systems, J. Russ. Laser Res. 32, 381 (2011).
  23. M. A. Marchiolli and M. Ruzzi, Theoretical formulation of finite-dimensional discrete phase spaces: I. Algebraic structures and uncertainty principles, Ann. Phys. 327, 1538 (2012).
  24. M. A. Marchiolli and P. E. M. F. Mendonça, Theoretical formulation of finite-dimensional discrete phase spaces: II. On the uncertainty principle for Schwinger unitary operators, Ann. Phys. 336, 76 (2013).
  25. J. B. DeBrota and B. C. Stacey, Discrete Wigner functions from informationally complete quantum measurements, Phys. Rev. A 102, 032221 (2020).
  26. R. P. Rundle and M. J. Everitt, Overview of the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics with application to quantum technologies, Adv. Quantum Technol. 4, 2100016 (2021).
  27. M. L. Mehta, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the finite Fourier transform, J. Math. Phys. 28, 781 (1987).
  28. M. Ruzzi, Jacobi ϑ-functions and discrete Fourier transforms, J. Math. Phys. 47, 063507 (2006).
  29. N. Cotfas and D. Dragoman, Properties of finite Gaussians and the discrete-continuous transition, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 45, 425305 (2012).
  30. N. Cotfas and J.-P. Gazeau, Finite tight frames and some applications, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 43, 193001 (2010).
  31. N. Cotfas and D. Dragoman, Finite oscillator obtained through finite frame quantization, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 46, 355301 (2013).
  32. N. Cotfas, J.-P. Gazeau and A. Vourdas, Finite-dimensional Hilbert space and frame quantization, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 44, 175303 (2011).
  33. N. M. Atakishiyev, U. A. Klimyk and K. B. Wolf, A discrete quantum model of the harmonic oscillator, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 41, 085201 (2008).
  34. T. Hakioǧlu and K. B. Wolf, The canonical Kravchuk basis for discrete quantum mechanics, J. Phys. A 33, 3313 (2000).
  35. M. Lorente, Continuous vs. discrete models for the quantum harmonic oscillator and the hydrogen atom, Phys. Lett. A 285, 119 (2001).
  36. K. B. Wolf and G. Krötzsch, Geometry and dynamics in the fractional discrete Fourier transform, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, 651 (2007).
  37. H. M. Ozaktas, Z. Zalevsky, and M. A. Kutay, The Fractional Fourier Transform with Applications in Optics and Signal Processing (Wiley, Chichester, 2001).
  38. L. Barker, Ç. Candan, T. Hakioğlu, M. A. Kutay and H. M. Ozaktas, The discrete harmonic oscillator, Harper's equation, and the discrete fractional Fourier transform, J. Phys. A 33, 2209 (2000).
  39. A. F. Nikiforov, S. K. Suslov, and V. B. Uvarov, Classical Orthogonal Polynomials of a Discrete Variable (Springer, Berlin, 1991).
  40. N. Cotfas, On the Gaussian functions of two discrete variables, arXiv:1912.01998.
  41. C. Weedbrook, S. Pirandola, R. García-Patrón, N. J. Cerf, T. C. Ralph, J. H. Shapiro, and S. Lloyd, Gaussian quantum information, Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 621 (2012).
  42. A. Ferraro, S. Olivares, and M. G. A. Paris, Gaussian States in Continuous Variable Quantum Information (Bibliopolis, Napoli, 2005).
  43. X.-B. Wang, T. Hiroshima, A. Tomita and M. Hayashi, Quantum information with Gaussian states, Phys. Rep. 448, 1 (2007).
  44. G. Adesso, S. Ragy and A. R. Lee, Continuous variable quantum information: Gaussian states and beyond, Open Syst. Inf. Dyn. 21, 1440001 (2014).
  45. C. Navarrete-Benlloch, Introduction to quantum optics (2022) arXiv:2203.13206.
  46. Arvind, B. Dutta, N. Mukunda, R. Simon, The real symplectic groups in quantum mechanics and optics, Pramana 45, 471 (1995).
  47. Y. Wang, Z. Hu, B. C. Sanders and S. Kais, Qudits and high-dimensional quantum computing, Front. Phys. 8, 589504 (2020).

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation