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Spontaneous symmetry breaking in nonsteady modes of open quantum many-body systems

Taiki Haga*

  • Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan

  • *taiki.haga@omu.ac.jp
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Phys. Rev. A 107, 052208 – Published 10 May, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.052208

Abstract

In a quantum many-body system coupled to the environment, its steady state can exhibit spontaneous symmetry breaking when a control parameter exceeds a critical value. In this study, we consider spontaneous symmetry breaking in nonsteady modes of an open quantum many-body system. Assuming that the time evolution of the density matrix of the system is described by a Markovian master equation, the dynamics of the system is fully characterized by the eigenmodes and spectrum of the corresponding time evolution superoperator. Among the nonsteady eigenmodes with finite lifetimes, we focus on the eigenmodes with the highest frequency, which we call the most coherent mode. For a dissipative spin model, it is shown that the most coherent mode exhibits a transition from a disordered phase to a symmetry-broken ordered phase, even if the steady state does not show singular behavior. We further argue that the phase transition of the most coherent mode induces a qualitative change in the decoherence dynamics of highly entangled states, i.e., the Schrödinger's cat states.

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Phys. Rev. A 107, 052208– Published 10 May, 2023
  • Received 22 December 2022
  • Accepted 26 April 2023
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