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Dynamic core-electron-polarization effect on the high-order harmonic generation process from a quantum-trajectory perspective

Cam-Tu Le1,2,*, Cong Ngo3, Ngoc-Loan Phan4, DinhDuy Vu4, and Van-Hoang Le4,†

  • 1Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 72915, Vietnam
  • 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 72915, Vietnam
  • 3Department of Physics, University of Paderborn, 100 Warburger Street, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
  • 4Computational Physics Key Laboratory, Department of Physics, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 280 An Duong Vuong Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 72711, Vietnam

  • *lethicamtu@tdtu.edu.vn
  • †hoanglv@hcmue.edu.vn
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Phys. Rev. A 107, 043103 – Published 3 April, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.043103

Abstract

It is argued that the dynamic core-electron polarization (DCEP) in polar molecules primarily affects harmonic processes at the ionization step only. This manifestation can also be understood in view of the strong-field assumption that the parent ion's potential becomes irrelevant when the electron is accelerated in the continuum-energy region. However, the scenario becomes vastly different, especially in the case of long-wavelength lasers as shown in this paper, where we demonstrate a complete physical picture of the DCEP on the harmonic process from asymmetric carbon monoxide (CO) molecules comprising the propagation step. To do so, we develop a visualization method for the harmonic process with and without DCEP based on Bohmian mechanics. As tracer particles evolving along quantum trajectories, Bohmian trajectories provide an intuitive picture of the “harmonic process from the CO molecules. Remarkably, when the change of the harmonic intensity with respect to the DCEP inclusion cannot be explained by the instantaneous ionization rate, the Bohmian trajectories can attribute this change to the difference in the number of returning events and returning time of the electron after the propagation stage. By analyzing the dynamics of individual Bohmian trajectories (the acceleration and the time-frequency profile), we show that the DCEP alters nonlocally the innermost trajectories, which encode all the dynamics of the harmonic process. This insight into the DCEP effect necessitates a careful reinvestigation into other strong-field physics theories on the role of the target over the propagation stage.

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Phys. Rev. A 107, 043103– Published 3 April, 2023
  • Received 14 November 2022
  • Revised 23 February 2023
  • Accepted 7 March 2023
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