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Telecom-Band Quantum Interference of Frequency-Converted Photons from Remote Detuned NV Centers

A.J. Stolk1,2,†, K.L. van der Enden1,2,†, M.-C. Roehsner1,2, A. Teepe1,2, S.O.J. Faes1,2, C.E. Bradley1,2, S. Cadot1, J. van Rantwijk1, I. te Raa1 et al.

R.A.J. Hagen1,3, A.L. Verlaan1,3, J.J.B. Biemond1,3, A. Khorev1,3, R. Vollmer1,3, M. Markham4, A.M. Edmonds4, J.P.J. Morits1,3, T.H. Taminiau1,2, E.J. van Zwet1,3, and R. Hanson1,2,*

  • 1QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628 CJ, Netherlands
  • 2Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628 CJ, Netherlands
  • 3Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), P.O. Box 155, Delft 2600 AD, Netherlands
  • 4Element Six Innovation, Fermi Avenue, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QR, United Kingdom

  • *R.Hanson@tudelft.nl
  • †These authors contributed equally to this work.
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PRX Quantum 3, 020359 – Published 21 June, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020359

Abstract

Entanglement distribution over quantum networks has the promise of realizing fundamentally new technologies. Entanglement between separated quantum processing nodes has been achieved on several experimental platforms in the past decade. To move toward metropolitan-scale quantum network test beds, the creation and transmission of indistinguishable single photons over existing telecom infrastructure is key. Here, we report the interference of photons emitted by remote spectrally detuned NV-center-based network nodes, using quantum frequency conversion to the telecom L band. We find a visibility of 0.79±0.03 and an indistinguishability between converted NV photons around 0.9 over the full range of the emission duration, confirming the removal of the spectral information present. Our approach implements fully separated and independent control over the nodes, time multiplexing of control and quantum signals, and active feedback to stabilize the output frequency. Our results demonstrate a working principle that can be readily employed on other platforms and shows a clear path toward generating metropolitan-scale solid-state entanglement over deployed telecom fibers.

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Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Corrections

6 July, 2022

Correction: The name of the 18th author was presented incorrectly and has been fixed.

13 July, 2022

Second Correction: The name of the fifth author was presented incorrectly and has been fixed. A missing funding source was added to the Acknowledgment section.

Popular Summary

Quantum networks hold the promise of fundamentally changing the way we share and process information. A promising candidate for such networks are optically active spins in solids, where stationary qubits can be entangled with flying photonic qubits. These states of light experience high losses in existing fiber infrastructure, due to incompatibility of the emission wavelength with the telecom standard. To bring quantum networks out of the lab, it is crucial to convert these photons to the telecom band, whilst maintaining their quantum nature and ensuring compatibility with other nodes. In this paper, we introduce a method that achieves both simultaneously. We demonstrate our technique by building two remote quantum nodes based on the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, each equipped with a quantum frequency conversion (QFC) module employing a periodically-poled Lithium Niobate (ppLN) crystal. We show that the resonant emission of the NV centers (637nm) can be faithfully converted to the same wavelength in the telecom L-band (1588nm) by locking to a central reference laser, for a broad range of frequencies. This technique removes any difference in emission frequency between nodes, facilitating scaling. When performing a canonical Hong-Ou-Mandel type experiment, we find a stark reduction of coincidence counts indicating the desired two-photon quantum interference. Further analysis finds a high degree of indistinguishability of the converted photons, emphasizing the effectiveness of our scheme. We believe that other spin platforms in diamond, silicon, and silicon carbide that emit in the visible spectrum can benefit from our technique. Moreover, our technique opens the door to metropolitan scale solid-state entanglement generation over deployed fibers.

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Outline

Information

PRX Quantum 3, 020359– Published 21 June, 2022
  • Received 4 February 2022
  • Accepted 13 April 2022
  • Corrected 6 July 2022
  • Corrected 13 July 2022
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