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Efficient Entanglement Purification Circuit Design for Dual-Species Atom Arrays

Bikun Li1,*, Daniel Dilley2, Alvin Gonzales2, Thomas A. Hahn3, Ryan White4, Rotem Arnon3, Hannes Bernien1, Zain Saleem2, and Liang Jiang1,†

  • *Contact author: bikunli@uchicago.edu
  • †Contact author: liangjiang@uchicago.edu
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PRX Quantum 7, 033044 – Published 2 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/6j15-7mty

Abstract

Entanglement purification protocols (EPPs) are essential for generating high-fidelity entangled states in noisy quantum systems, enabling robust quantum networking and computation. Building on the circuit of the foundational recurrence protocol, we generalize two-way EPPs to arbitrary stabilizer codes. Through analytical derivations and noisy-circuit simulations incorporating circuit-level noise, we demonstrate enhanced purification performance, with fidelity improvements and finite distillation rates for distillable input states. We propose efficient circuit designs for EPPs tailored to dual-species Rydberg atom arrays, leveraging species-specific laser control and interspecies Rydberg interactions. Introducing a low-overhead operation set, the dual-species atom convenient operation set, we facilitate straightforward compilation of EPP circuits without the need for ancillary atoms or complex atom rearrangements. Our framework provides practical guidance for near-term implementations on dual-species platforms, advancing toward scalable entanglement distribution in neutral atom systems and paving the way for fault-tolerant quantum technologies.

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Popular Summary

This paper introduces a generalized entanglement purification framework adaptable to arbitrary stabilizer codes and optimized for dual-species Rydberg-atom arrays. It demonstrates, through both analytic derivation and realistic noisy-circuit simulations, that the proposed design achieves enhanced purification performance and finite distillation rates. By exploiting species-specific control and inter-species interactions, the authors devise a low-overhead operation set that eliminates the need for ancillary atoms or complex atom rearrangements, which makes the scheme directly implementable on near-term neutral-atom hardware. This work stands out for bridging rigorous purification theory with experiment-ready circuit engineering, marking a concrete step toward scalable entanglement distribution and fault-tolerant quantum computing.

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PRX Quantum 7, 033044– Published 2 September, 2026
  • Received 27 October 2025
  • Accepted 29 June 2026
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