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Low-energy theory for superfluid and solid matter and its application to the neutron star crust

Vincenzo Cirigliano1,*, Sanjay Reddy1,2,†, and Rishi Sharma1,3,‡

  • 1Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
  • 2Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1550, USA
  • 3Theory Group, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada

  • *cirigliano@lanl.gov
  • †sareddy@uw.edu
  • ‡rishi@triumf.ca
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Phys. Rev. C 84, 045809 – Published 27 October, 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.84.045809

Abstract

We formulate a low-energy effective theory describing phases of matter that are both solid and superfluid. These systems simultaneously break translational symmetry and the phase symmetry associated with particle number. The symmetries restrict the combinations of terms that can appear in the effective action and the lowest order terms featuring equal number of derivatives and Goldstone fields are completely specified by the thermodynamic free energy or, equivalently, by the long-wavelength limit of static correlation functions in the ground state. We show that the underlying interaction between particles that constitute the lattice and the superfluid gives rise to entrainment, and mixing between the Goldstone modes. As a concrete example we discuss the low-energy theory for the inner crust of a neutron star, where a lattice of ionized nuclei coexists with a neutron superfluid.

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Synopsis

Phonons in a Stellar Crust

Published 27 October, 2011

A theoretical description of phonon interactions in the crust of neutron stars could help interpret observations of the stars’ thermal and mechanical properties.

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Phys. Rev. C 84, 045809– Published 27 October, 2011
  • Received 8 April 2011
Article part of CHORUS

©2011 American Physical Society

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