- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review C

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Reaching percolation and conformal limits in neutron stars

Michał Marczenko1,*, Larry McLerran2, Krzysztof Redlich3, and Chihiro Sasaki3,4

  • 1Incubator of Scientific Excellence - Centre for Simulations of Superdense Fluids, University of Wrocław, plac Maksa Borna 9, PL-50204 Wrocław, Poland
  • 2Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Box 351550, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
  • 3Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław, plac Maksa Borna 9, PL-50204 Wrocław, Poland
  • 4International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan

  • *michal.marczenko@uwr.edu.pl
PDF

Phys. Rev. C 107, 025802 – Published 3 February, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.107.025802

Abstract

Generating an ensemble of equations of state that fulfill multimessenger constraints, we statistically determine the properties of dense matter found inside neutron stars (NSs). We calculate the speed of sound and trace anomaly and demonstrate that they are driven towards their conformal values at the center of maximally massive NSs. The local peak of the speed of sound is shown to be located at values of the energy and particle densities, which are consistent with deconfinement and percolation conditions in QCD matter. We also analyze fluctuations of the net-baryon number density in the context of possible remnants of critical behavior. We find that the global maxima of the variance of these fluctuations emerge at densities beyond those found in the interiors of NSs.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (67)

  1. H. Tan, V. Dexheimer, J. Noronha-Hostler, and N. Yunes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 161101 (2022).
  2. N. Zhang, D. Wen, and H. Chen, Phys. Rev. C 99, 035803 (2019).
  3. I. Tews, J. Carlson, S. Gandolfi, and S. Reddy, Astrophys. J. 860, 149 (2018).
  4. I. Legred, K. Chatziioannou, R. Essick, S. Han, and P. Landry, Phys. Rev. D 104, 063003 (2021).
  5. E. S. Fraga, A. Kurkela, and A. Vuorinen, Astrophys. J. 781, L25 (2014).
  6. H. T. Cromartie et al., Nature Astron. 4, 72 (2019).
  7. E. Fonseca et al., Astrophys. J. Lett. 915, L12 (2021).
  8. M. C. Miller et al., Astrophys. J. Lett. 918, L28 (2021).
  9. T. E. Riley et al., Astrophys. J. Lett. 918, L27 (2021).
  10. M. C. Miller et al., Astrophys. J. 887, L24 (2019).
  11. B. P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific, Virgo Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 161101 (2018).
  12. M. G. Alford, S. Han, and M. Prakash, Phys. Rev. D 88, 083013 (2013).
  13. M. G. Alford and A. Sedrakian, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 161104 (2017).
  14. J. J. Li, A. Sedrakian, and M. Alford, Phys. Rev. D 104, L121302 (2021).
  15. E. Annala, T. Gorda, A. Kurkela, J. Nättilä, and A. Vuorinen, Nature Phys. 16, 907 (2020).
  16. R. Somasundaram, I. Tews, and J. Margueron, arXiv:2112.08157.
  17. E. Annala, T. Gorda, A. Kurkela, and A. Vuorinen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 172703 (2018).
  18. Y. Fujimoto, K. Fukushima, L. D. McLerran, and M. Praszalowicz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 252702 (2022).
  19. L. McLerran and R. D. Pisarski, Nucl. Phys. A 796, 83 (2007).
  20. D. C. Duarte, S. Hernandez-Ortiz, K. S. Jeong, and L. D. McLerran, Phys. Rev. D 104, L091901 (2021).
  21. T. Kojo, Phys. Rev. D 104, 074005 (2021).
  22. T. Kojo and D. Suenaga, Phys. Rev. D 105, 076001 (2022).
  23. K. Fukushima and T. Kojo, Astrophys. J. 817, 180 (2016).
  24. L. McLerran and S. Reddy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 122701 (2019).
  25. K. S. Jeong, L. McLerran, and S. Sen, Phys. Rev. C 101, 035201 (2020).
  26. S. Sen and N. C. Warrington, Nucl. Phys. A 1006, 122059 (2021).
  27. G. Cao and J. Liao, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2020) 168.
  28. N. Kovensky and A. Schmitt, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2020) 112.
  29. M. A. Stephanov, K. Rajagopal, and E. V. Shuryak, Phys. Rev. D 60, 114028 (1999).
  30. M. Asakawa, U. W. Heinz, and B. Muller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2072 (2000).
  31. Y. Hatta and M. A. Stephanov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 102003 (2003); 91, 129901(E) (2003).
  32. A. Bazavov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 192302 (2012).
  33. S. Borsanyi, Z. Fodor, S. D. Katz, S. Krieg, C. Ratti, and K. K. Szabo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 052301 (2014).
  34. F. Karsch and K. Redlich, Phys. Lett. B 695, 136 (2011).
  35. P. Braun-Munzinger, A. Kalweit, K. Redlich, and J. Stachel, Phys. Lett. B 747, 292 (2015).
  36. V. Vovchenko, O. Savchuk, R. V. Poberezhnyuk, M. I. Gorenstein, and V. Koch, Phys. Lett. B 811, 135868 (2020).
  37. B. Friman, F. Karsch, K. Redlich, and V. Skokov, Eur. Phys. J. C 71, 1694 (2011).
  38. P. Braun-Munzinger, B. Friman, K. Redlich, A. Rustamov, and J. Stachel, Nucl. Phys. A 1008, 122141 (2021).
  39. F. Karsch, PoS CORFU2018, 163 (2019).
  40. P. Braun-Munzinger, A. Rustamov, and J. Stachel, Nucl. Phys. A 960, 114 (2017).
  41. A. Sorensen, D. Oliinychenko, V. Koch, and L. McLerran, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 042303 (2021).
  42. E. Annala, T. Gorda, E. Katerini, A. Kurkela, J. Nättilä, V. Paschalidis, and A. Vuorinen, Phys. Rev. X 12, 011058 (2022).
  43. S. Altiparmak, C. Ecker, and L. Rezzolla, Astrophys. J. Lett. 939, L34 (2022).
  44. C. Ecker and L. Rezzolla, Astrophys. J. Lett. 939, L35 (2022).
  45. G. Baym, C. Pethick, and P. Sutherland, Astrophys. J. 170, 299 (1971).
  46. K. Redlich and H. Satz, Phys. Rev. D 33, 3747 (1986).
  47. A. Bazavov et al. (HotQCD Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 90, 094503 (2014).
  48. A. Bazavov et al. (HotQCD Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 795, 15 (2019).
  49. V. Mykhaylova and C. Sasaki, Phys. Rev. D 103, 014007 (2021).
  50. P. Castorina, J. Cleymans, D. E. Miller, and H. Satz, Eur. Phys. J. C 66, 207 (2010).
  51. Y. B. Zel'dovich, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 41, 1609 (1961).
  52. V. Magas and H. Satz, Eur. Phys. J. C 32, 115 (2003).
  53. P. Castorina, K. Redlich, and H. Satz, Eur. Phys. J. C 59, 67 (2009).
  54. H. Satz, Nucl. Phys. A 642, c130 (1998).
  55. K. Fukushima, T. Kojo, and W. Weise, Phys. Rev. D 102, 096017 (2020).
  56. B. Dey, C. A. Meyer, M. Bellis, and M. Williams (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 89, 055208 (2014); 90, 019901(E) (2014).
  57. T. Mibe et al. (LEPS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 182001 (2005).
  58. X.-Y. Wang, C. Dong, and Q. Wang, Phys. Rev. D 106, 056027 (2022).
  59. A. Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, K. Redlich, and J. Stachel, Nature (London) 561, 321 (2018).
  60. A. Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, B. Friman, P. M. Lo, K. Redlich, and J. Stachel, Phys. Lett. B 792, 304 (2019).
  61. T. Kojo, AAPPS Bull. 31, 11 (2021).
  62. Y. Hidaka, L. D. McLerran, and R. D. Pisarski, Nucl. Phys. A 808, 117 (2008).
  63. D. M. Podkowka, R. F. P. Mendes, and E. Poisson, Phys. Rev. D 98, 064057 (2018).
  64. M. Marczenko, K. Redlich, and C. Sasaki, Astrophys. J. Lett. 925, L23 (2022).
  65. M. Marczenko, K. Redlich, and C. Sasaki, Phys. Rev. D 105, 103009 (2022).
  66. S. Benic, I. Mishustin, and C. Sasaki, Phys. Rev. D 91, 125034 (2015).
  67. M. Marczenko and C. Sasaki, Phys. Rev. D 97, 036011 (2018).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. C 107, 025802– Published 3 February, 2023
  • Received 5 August 2022
  • Revised 26 September 2022
  • Accepted 25 January 2023
Article part of CHORUS
Crossmark - Check for updates button

©2023 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation