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Realizing the scientific program with polarized ion beams at the future BNL Electron Ion Collider

Grigor Atoian1, Nigel Buttimore2, Giuseppe Ciullo3, Ian Cloët4, Marco Contalbrigo3, Jaydeep Datta5, Abhay Deshpande1,5, Shubham Dutta6, Yousif Shabaan El-Feky7 et al. (EPIOS Scientific Consortium)

Yousif Shabaan El-Feky7, Oleg Eyser1, Muhammad Farooq8, Renee Fatemi9, Ishara Fernando10, Michael Finger11, Wolfram Fischer1, Dave Gaskell12, Prakash Gautam10,12, Ralf Gebel13,14, Boxing Gou15, Daoning Gu13,16, Yoshitaka Hatta1, Mohammad Hattawy17, Volker Hejny14, Kiel Hock1, Georg Hoffstaetter18,1, Haixin Huang1, Christopher Ianzano19, Jiangyong Jia5, Andro Kacharava14, Maggie Kerr19, Wolfgang Korsch9, Dario Lattuada20, Andreas Lehrach16,14, Paolo Lenisa3, Minxiang Li15, Xiaqing Li21, Win Lin5, James Maxwell12, Aleksei Melnikov22, Zein-Eddine Meziani4, Richard G. Milner19, William R. Milner23, Iurii Mitrankov5, Hamlet Mkrtchyan24, Prajwal MohanMurthy19, Christoph Montag1, Sergei Nagaitsev1,17, Charles-Joseph Naim5, Alexander Nass14, Dien Nguyen25, Nikolai Nikolaev26,27,28, Luciano Pappalardo3, Chao Peng4, Anna Piccoli3, Andrei Poblaguev1, Deepak Raparia1, Frank Rathmann1, Thomas Roser1, Premkumar Saganti29, Andrew Sandorfi10, Medani Sangroula1, Vincent Schoefer1, Rahul Shankar3, Vera Shmakova1, Evgeny Shulga1, Jamal Slim30, Dannie Steski1, Bernd Surrow31, Noah Wuerfel19, and Yaojie Zhai15 (EPIOS Scientific Consortium)

  • 1Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
  • 2School of Mathematics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
  • 3University of Ferrara and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
  • 4Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  • 5Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
  • 6Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
  • 7American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
  • 8University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
  • 9University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
  • 10University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
  • 11Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 12Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • 13GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
  • 14Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
  • 15Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
  • 16III. Physikalisches Institut B, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
  • 17Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
  • 18Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
  • 19Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
  • 20Università Kore di Enna & INFN-LNS, Enna & Catania, Italy
  • 21Shandong University, Jinan, China
  • 22Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  • 23Research Laboratory for Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
  • 24A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory, Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
  • 25University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
  • 26L.D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Chernogolovka, Russia
  • 27Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russian Federation
  • 28Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, International Intergovernmental Scientific Research Organization, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, 141980 Russia
  • 29Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas, USA
  • 30Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
  • 31Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Phys. Rev. C 113, 060501 – Published 9 June, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/261w-8f38

Abstract

Polarized ion beams at the Electron Ion Collider (EIC) are essential to address some of the most important open questions at the twenty-first century frontiers of understanding of the fundamental structure of matter. Here, we summarize the science case and identify polarized H2, He3, Li6, and Li7 ion beams as critical technology that will enable experiments which address the most important science. Furthermore, we discuss the required ion polarimetry and spin manipulation at the EIC. The current EIC accelerator design is presented. We identify a significant research and development effort across national and international laboratories and universities that is required over about a decade to realize the polarized ion beams and estimate (based on previous experience) that it will require about 20 full-time equivalent (FTE) over 10 years (or a total of about 200 FTE-years) of personnel, including graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, technicians, and engineers. Attracting, educating, and training a new generation of physicists in experimental spin techniques will be essential for the successful realization. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are seen as having significant potential for both acceleration of research and development and amplification of discovery in the optimal realization of this unique quantum technology on a cutting-edge collider. The research and development effort is synergistic with research in atomic physics and fusion energy science.

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Phys. Rev. C 113, 060501– Published 9 June, 2026
  • Received 23 September 2025
Article part of CHORUS
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