Low-Momentum End of the Spectra of Heavy Primary Cosmic Rays

R. A. Ellis, Jr; M. B. Gottieb; J. A. Van Allen

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.95.147

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Low-Momentum End of the Spectra of Heavy Primary Cosmic Rays

R. A. Ellis, Jr.^*, M. B. Gottieb, and J. A. Van Allen

Department of Physics, State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa

^*Present address: Department of Physics, Tennessee Agricultural and Industrial State University, Nashville, Tennessee.

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Phys. Rev. 95, 147 – Published 1 July, 1954

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.95.147

Abstract

Measurements of the intensity of heavy primary cosmic-ray nuclei have been made above the atmosphere by means of the new Iowa balloon-launched rocket ("rockoon") technique at geomagnetic latitudes $λ = 56 °, 76 °, and 86 °$ . The measuring instrument was a thin-walled, pulse-ionization chamber of 15-cm diameter. The observed data, in conjunction with geomagnetic theory, demonstrate a complete or nearly complete absence of primary heavy nuclei of $Z \geq 6$ having a magnetic rigidity less than 1.5× $10^{9}$ volts ( $\frac{p}{mc} < 0.8$ ), the result being the most significant for the C, N, O group. It is noted that this spectral cutoff occurs at closely the same magnetic rigidity, and distinctly not at the same velocity, as the previously reported cutoff in the spectra of primary protons and $α$ particles.

References (28)

J. A. Van Allen and S. F. Singer, Phys. Rev. 78, 819 (1950) ibid.80, 116 (1950)
J. A. Van Allen and S. F. Singer, Nature 170, 62 (1952)
Neher, Peterson, and Stern, Phys. Rev. 90, 655 (1953)
J. A. Van Allen, Nuovo cimento 10, 630 (1953)
Meredith, Van Allen, and Gottlieb, Phys. Rev. (to be published)
Freier, Anderson, Naugle, and Ney, Phys. Rev. 84, 322 (1951)
Kaplon, Peters, Reynolds, and Ritson, Phys. Rev. 85, 295 (1952)
T. Coor, Jr., Phys. Rev. 82, 478 (1951) doctoral dissertation, Princeton University, August, 1948 (unpublished)
J. A. Van Allen, Phys. Rev. 84, 791 (1951)
M. Pomerantz and G. W. McClure, Phys. Rev. 86, 536 (1952)
J. A. Van Allen and M. B. Gottlieb, Rev. Sci. Instr. (to be published)
R. I. Hulsizer, dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1950 (unpublished)
W. C. Elmore and M. Sands, Electronics (McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1949), p. 196
B. Rossi, High Energy Particles (Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York, 1952)
J. O. Hirschfelder and J. L. Magee, Phys. Rev. 73, 207 (1948)
J. J. Lord, Phys. Rev. 81, 901 (1951)
L. C. L. Yuan, Phys. Rev. 81, 175 (1951)
G. N. Whyte, Phys. Rev. 82, 204 (1951)
E. C. Pressly, Phys. Rev. 89, 654 (1953)
H. L. Bradt and B. Peters, Phys. Rev. 77, 54 (1950)
R. A. Alpher, J. Geophys. Research 55, 437 (1950)
E. J. Schremp, Phys. Rev. 54, 158 (1938)
H. P. Koenig, Phys. Rev. 58, 385 (1940)
Lal, Pal, Kaplon, and Peters, Phys. Rev. 86, 569 (1952)
E. P. Ney, Duke University, Cosmic Ray Conference of the National Science Foundation, November 30, December 1, 2, 1953 (unpublished)
S. Chapman and J. Bartels, Geomagnetism (Oxford University Press, London, 1940), Vol. 2
Omitted endnote
Firor, Jory, and Treiman, Phys. Rev. 93, 551 (1954)

[c1] J. A. Van Allen and S. F. Singer, Phys. Rev. 78, 819 (1950) ibid.80, 116 (1950)

[c2] J. A. Van Allen and S. F. Singer, Nature 170, 62 (1952)

[c3] Neher, Peterson, and Stern, Phys. Rev. 90, 655 (1953)

[c4] J. A. Van Allen, Nuovo cimento 10, 630 (1953)

[c5] Meredith, Van Allen, and Gottlieb, Phys. Rev. (to be published)

[c6] Freier, Anderson, Naugle, and Ney, Phys. Rev. 84, 322 (1951)

[c7] Kaplon, Peters, Reynolds, and Ritson, Phys. Rev. 85, 295 (1952)

[c8] T. Coor, Jr., Phys. Rev. 82, 478 (1951) doctoral dissertation, Princeton University, August, 1948 (unpublished)

[c9] J. A. Van Allen, Phys. Rev. 84, 791 (1951)

[c10] M. Pomerantz and G. W. McClure, Phys. Rev. 86, 536 (1952)

[c11] J. A. Van Allen and M. B. Gottlieb, Rev. Sci. Instr. (to be published)

[c12] R. I. Hulsizer, dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1950 (unpublished)

[c13] W. C. Elmore and M. Sands, Electronics (McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1949), p. 196

[c14] B. Rossi, High Energy Particles (Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York, 1952)

[c15] J. O. Hirschfelder and J. L. Magee, Phys. Rev. 73, 207 (1948)

[c16] J. J. Lord, Phys. Rev. 81, 901 (1951)

[c17] L. C. L. Yuan, Phys. Rev. 81, 175 (1951)

[c18] G. N. Whyte, Phys. Rev. 82, 204 (1951)

[c19] E. C. Pressly, Phys. Rev. 89, 654 (1953)

[c20] H. L. Bradt and B. Peters, Phys. Rev. 77, 54 (1950)

[c21] R. A. Alpher, J. Geophys. Research 55, 437 (1950)

[c22] E. J. Schremp, Phys. Rev. 54, 158 (1938)

[c23] H. P. Koenig, Phys. Rev. 58, 385 (1940)

[c24] Lal, Pal, Kaplon, and Peters, Phys. Rev. 86, 569 (1952)

[c25] E. P. Ney, Duke University, Cosmic Ray Conference of the National Science Foundation, November 30, December 1, 2, 1953 (unpublished)

[c26] S. Chapman and J. Bartels, Geomagnetism (Oxford University Press, London, 1940), Vol. 2

[c27] Omitted endnote

[c28] Firor, Jory, and Treiman, Phys. Rev. 93, 551 (1954)

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Low-Momentum End of the Spectra of Heavy Primary Cosmic Rays

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