Slow Neutron Crystal Spectrometry: The Total Cross Sections of Co, Er, Hf, <span class="aps-inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>58</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, <span class="aps-inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>60</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, Ho, and Fission Sm

S. Bernstein; L. B. Borst; C. P. Stanford; T. E. Stephenson; J. B. Dial

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.87.487

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Slow Neutron Crystal Spectrometry: The Total Cross Sections of Co, Er, Hf, ${Ni}^{58}$ , ${Ni}^{60}$ , Ho, and Fission Sm

S. Bernstein, L. B. Borst^*, C. P. Stanford, T. E. Stephenson, and J. B. Dial

Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

^*Now at Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

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Phys. Rev. 87, 487 – Published 1 August, 1952

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.87.487

Abstract

A focusing spectrometer using a variable curvature quartz crystal has been developed for measuring total cross sections versus energy of small samples of rare elements, separated isotopes, and radioactive isotopes in the energy region 0.03 ev to about 1.5 ev. Samples having macroscopic cross sections from 0.1 to 1.0 square millimeters have been used as absorbers. The main features of the new instrument are described, and performance curves are given. The instrument was first used to show that a sample of rare earth fission product material has a resonance at an energy corresponding to the known resonance of ${Sm}^{149}$ . Test runs were made on normal cobalt, whose total cross section was found to fit the formula, $σ (barns) = 5.0 + 6.1 {(E in ev)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ . A resonance at about 1 ev, attributed in the literature to zirconium, was found to belong to hafnium. Erbium was found to have a neutron resonance at about 0.5 ev. ${Ni}^{58}$ was found to be the isotope primarily responsible for the anomalously high scattering cross section of normal nickel, confirming results from neutron diffraction studies made simultaneously by other observers. Results are given also for ${Ni}^{60}$ . Analysis of the holmium measurements give a scattering cross section that is strongly energy dependent. Paramagnetic scattering is suggested as a possible explanation of the variation.

References (18)

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the 288th Meeting of the American Physical Society Phys. Rev. 75, 1302 (1949)

[c1] J. W. Dumond, Rev. Sci. Instr. 18, 626 (1947)

[c2] A. H. Compton and S. K. Allison, X-Rays in Theory and Experiment (D. Van Nostrand and Company, Inc., New York, 1935), second edition, pp. 751-753

[c3] Borst, Ulrich, Osborne, and Hasbrouck, Phys. Rev. 70, 557 (1946)

[c4] H. Pomerance, Phys. Rev. 83, 641 (1951)

[c5] W. J. Sturm, Phys. Rev. 71, 757 (1947)

[c6] P. A. Egelstaff and B. T. Taylor, Nature 167, 896 (1951)

[c7] C. G. Shull and E. O. Wollan, Phys. Rev. 81, 527 (1951)

[c8] Shull, Strauser, and Wollan, Phys. Rev. 83, 333 (1951)

[c9] Feshbach, Peaslee, and Weisskopf, Phys. Rev. 71, 145 (1947)

[c10] H. Pomerance (unpublished)

[c11] Goldsmith, Ibser, and Feld, Revs. Modern Phys. 19, 259 (1947)

[c12] W. Bothe, Z. Naturforsch. 1, 179 (1946)

[c13] Seren, Friedlander, and Turkel, Phys. Rev. 72, 888 (1947)

[c14] I. W. Ruderman, Phys. Rev. 76, 1572 (1949)

[c15] O. Halpern and M. H. Johnson, Phys. Rev. 55, 898 (1939)

[c16] L. Pauling and J. Sherman, Z. Krist. 81, 1 (1932)

[c17] L. F. Bates, Modern Magnetism (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1948), p. 127

[c18] the 288th Meeting of the American Physical Society Phys. Rev. 75, 1302 (1949)

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Slow Neutron Crystal Spectrometry: The Total Cross Sections of Co, Er, Hf, ${Ni}^{58}$ , ${Ni}^{60}$ , Ho, and Fission Sm

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Slow Neutron Crystal Spectrometry: The Total Cross Sections of Co, Er, Hf, Ni58, Ni60, Ho, and Fission Sm

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Slow Neutron Crystal Spectrometry: The Total Cross Sections of Co, Er, Hf, ${Ni}^{58}$ , ${Ni}^{60}$ , Ho, and Fission Sm