The Penetration of Particles Associated with Cosmic-Ray Stars. II

J. A. Northrop

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.84.83

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The Penetration of Particles Associated with Cosmic-Ray Stars. II

J. A. Northrop^*

Sloane Physics Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut

^*Supported (September, 1950, to June, 1951) by a Sterling Predoctoral Fellowship from Yale University.

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Phys. Rev. 84, 83 – Published 1 October, 1951

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.84.83

Abstract

A second series of measurements has been made at Climax, Colorado (elevation 3510 meters), of the particles associated with nuclear explosions, or stars, in a thin-walled ionization chamber. The associated particles were detected by observing coincidences between the ion chamber and appropriately placed trays of Geiger counters. The experiment was planned in such a way as to distinguish between those particles which are products of nuclear disintegrations which emerge from the ion chamber and those particles which are incident in the atmosphere in association with the particles producing the stars. Absorption measurements were made of both the low energy and penetrating product particles. There was no conclusive evidence indicating the presence of electrons or photons among the disintegration products. The absorption mean free path in lead was not exponential but increased to 190±40 g/ ${cm}^{2}$ at the maximum of eight inches of lead. Absorption measurements of the associated particles which are not disintegration products of the stars indicate that they are parts of local penetrating showers having mean free paths greater than 500 g/ ${cm}^{2}$ . Absorber placed over the ion chamber produced bursts of electrons in the chamber whose number greatly exceeded that of extensive air showers. These bursts have been tentatively identified with narrow air showers.

References (14)

Montgomery, Montgomery, and Northrop, Phys. Rev. 79, 293 (1950)
W. B. Fretter, Phys. Rev. 76, 511 (1949) M. B. Gottlieb, 82, 349 (1951)
Omitted endnote
Vanna Tongiorgi, Phys. Rev. 75, 1532 (1949)
C. G. Montgomery and D. D. Montgomery, Phys. Rev. 76, 1482 (1949)
Bridge, Hazen, Rossi, and Williams, Phys. Rev. 74, 1083 (1948)
A. J. Hartzler, Phys. Rev. 82, 359 (1951)
Greisen, Walker, and Walker, Phys. Rev. 80, 535 (1950)
J. Ise, Jr., and W. B. Fretter, Phys. Rev. 76, 933 (1949) K. Sitte, 78, 714 (1950)
O. Piccioni, Phys. Rev. 77, 6 (1950)
D. J. X. Montgomery, Cosmic Ray Physics (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1949), p. 71
G. Cocconi and V. Tongiorgi, Phys. Rev. 75, 1058 (1949)
J. P. N. Wei, Phys. Rev. 79, 670 (1950)
J. P. N. Wei, thesis, Yale University, 1950

[c1] Montgomery, Montgomery, and Northrop, Phys. Rev. 79, 293 (1950)

[c2] W. B. Fretter, Phys. Rev. 76, 511 (1949) M. B. Gottlieb, 82, 349 (1951)

[c3] Omitted endnote

[c4] Vanna Tongiorgi, Phys. Rev. 75, 1532 (1949)

[c5] C. G. Montgomery and D. D. Montgomery, Phys. Rev. 76, 1482 (1949)

[c6] Bridge, Hazen, Rossi, and Williams, Phys. Rev. 74, 1083 (1948)

[c7] A. J. Hartzler, Phys. Rev. 82, 359 (1951)

[c8] Greisen, Walker, and Walker, Phys. Rev. 80, 535 (1950)

[c9] J. Ise, Jr., and W. B. Fretter, Phys. Rev. 76, 933 (1949) K. Sitte, 78, 714 (1950)

[c10] O. Piccioni, Phys. Rev. 77, 6 (1950)

[c11] D. J. X. Montgomery, Cosmic Ray Physics (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1949), p. 71

[c12] G. Cocconi and V. Tongiorgi, Phys. Rev. 75, 1058 (1949)

[c13] J. P. N. Wei, Phys. Rev. 79, 670 (1950)

[c14] J. P. N. Wei, thesis, Yale University, 1950

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The Penetration of Particles Associated with Cosmic-Ray Stars. II

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References (14)

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