Average Thermionic Constants of Polycrystalline Tungsten Wires

M. H. Nichols

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.78.158

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Average Thermionic Constants of Polycrystalline Tungsten Wires

M. H. Nichols^*,†

Palmer Physical Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

^*Research done in 1939-40 while the author was a National Research Fellow.
^†Now at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.

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Phys. Rev. 78, 158 – Published 15 April, 1950

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.78.158

Abstract

Because of its property of producing large crystals, the "doped" variety of tungsten wire is used in the study of the thermionic properties of single crystal surfaces of tungsten. In order to determine the effect of the impurities added to produce this property, the average high field thermionic constants of polycrystalline doped tungsten wire and undoped tungsten wire were measured. The thermionic constants from the doped wire are somewhat lower than those from the undoped wire which agree well with previously published values. Chemical and spectroscopic analyses before and after heat treatment are included. It is concluded that the differences in thermionic properties between the two types of wire are probably due to different distributions of the types of crystal surfaces exposed.

References (24)

R. P. Johnson and W. Shockley, Phys. Rev. 49, 436 (1936)
M. H. Nichols, Phys. Rev. 57, 297 (1940)
C. J. Smithells, Tungsten (D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., New York, 1936), second edition
C. S. Robinson, J. App. Phys. 13, 647 (1942)
C. Herring and M. H. Nichols, Rev. Mod. Phys. 21, 185 (1949)
Johnson, White, and Nelson, Rev. Sci. Inst. 9, 253 (1938)
W. B. Nottingham, J. App. Phys. 8, 762 (1937)
W. E. Forsythe and E. M. Watson, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 24, 114 (1934)
H. A. Jones and I. Langmuir, Gen. Elec. Rev. 30, 310 (1927)
R. P. Johnson, Phys. Rev. 54, 459 (1938)
R. W. Schmidt, Zeits. f. Physik 120, 69 (1942)
C. Davisson and L. H. Germer, Phys. Rev. 20, 300 (1922)
Dushman, Rowe, Ewald, and Kidner, Phys. Rev. 25 (1925)
C. Zwikker, Proc. Amst. Acad. Sci. 29, 792 (1926)
H. B. Wahlin and L. V. Whitney, Phys. Rev. 50, 735 (1936)
A. L. Reimann, Phil. Mag. 25, 834 (1938)
H. Freitag and F. Krüger, Ann. d. Physik 21, 697 (1934)
W. B. Nottingham, Phys. Rev. 47, 806 (A) (1935)
E. A. Coomes, Phys. Rev. 55, 519 (1939)
Omitted endnote
Omitted endnote
Omitted endnote
Omitted endnote
C. Herring, Phys. Rev. 59, 889 (1941)

[c1] R. P. Johnson and W. Shockley, Phys. Rev. 49, 436 (1936)

[c2] M. H. Nichols, Phys. Rev. 57, 297 (1940)

[c3] C. J. Smithells, Tungsten (D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., New York, 1936), second edition

[c4] C. S. Robinson, J. App. Phys. 13, 647 (1942)

[c5] C. Herring and M. H. Nichols, Rev. Mod. Phys. 21, 185 (1949)

[c6] Johnson, White, and Nelson, Rev. Sci. Inst. 9, 253 (1938)

[c7] W. B. Nottingham, J. App. Phys. 8, 762 (1937)

[c8] W. E. Forsythe and E. M. Watson, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 24, 114 (1934)

[c9] H. A. Jones and I. Langmuir, Gen. Elec. Rev. 30, 310 (1927)

[c10] R. P. Johnson, Phys. Rev. 54, 459 (1938)

[c11] R. W. Schmidt, Zeits. f. Physik 120, 69 (1942)

[c12] C. Davisson and L. H. Germer, Phys. Rev. 20, 300 (1922)

[c13] Dushman, Rowe, Ewald, and Kidner, Phys. Rev. 25 (1925)

[c14] C. Zwikker, Proc. Amst. Acad. Sci. 29, 792 (1926)

[c15] H. B. Wahlin and L. V. Whitney, Phys. Rev. 50, 735 (1936)

[c16] A. L. Reimann, Phil. Mag. 25, 834 (1938)

[c17] H. Freitag and F. Krüger, Ann. d. Physik 21, 697 (1934)

[c18] W. B. Nottingham, Phys. Rev. 47, 806 (A) (1935)

[c19] E. A. Coomes, Phys. Rev. 55, 519 (1939)

[c20] Omitted endnote

[c21] Omitted endnote

[c22] Omitted endnote

[c23] Omitted endnote

[c24] C. Herring, Phys. Rev. 59, 889 (1941)

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Average Thermionic Constants of Polycrystalline Tungsten Wires

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