Evidence of a Periodic Deviation from the Schottky Line. I

R. L. E. Seifert; T. E. Phipps

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.56.652

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Evidence of a Periodic Deviation from the Schottky Line. I

R. L. E. Seifert^* and T. E. Phipps

Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois

^*Present address: Alma College, Alma, Michigan.

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Phys. Rev. 56, 652 – Published 1 October, 1939

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.56.652

Abstract

A periodic deviation from the Schottky line has been observed for tungsten and for tantalum. For fields less than 4 × $10^{4}$ volts ${cm}^{- 1}$ the deviations are of the order of the experimental error. For fields greater than this the sign and magnitude of the peak deviations may be seen from the following series, the first number in each case being the value of $E^{\frac{1}{2}}$ in ${volt}^{½}$ ${cm}^{- ½}$ , and the second being the percent deviation from a least-squares reference line: 200, +0.03 (±0.01); 265, -0.07(±0.01); 365, +0.12(±0.01); 501, -0.11(±0.01). The data refer to a 1-mil tungsten wire at 1610°K. There is no appreciable effect of temperature upon the positions of the peaks along the $E^{\frac{1}{2}}$ axis. The magnitude of the deviations decreases with increasing temperature. The results with tantalum agree within experimental error with those for tungsten.

References (23)

W. Schottky, Physik. Zeits. 15, 872 (1914) Ann. d. Physik 44, 1011 (1914)
W. Schottky, Physik. Zeits. 20, 220 (1919) Zeits. f. Physik 14, 63 (1923)
S. Dushman et al., Phys. Rev. 25, 338 (1925)
J. Becker and D. Mueller, Phys. Rev. 31, 431 (1928)
C. C. Lauritsen and S. S. Mackeown, Phys. Rev. 32, 326 (1928)
L. A. Dubridge, Phys. Rev. 32, 961 (1928)
N. A. de Bruyne, Proc. Roy. Soc. A120, 423 (1928)
R. S. Bartlett, Proc. Roy. Soc. A121, 456 (1928)
W. S. Pforte, Zeits. f. Physik 49, 46 (1928)
N. B. Reynolds, Phys. Rev. 35, 158 (1930)
W. B. Nottingham, Phys. Rev. 47, 806 (1935) ibid.49, 78 (1936)
K. T. Compton and I. Langmuir, Rev. Mod. Phys. 2, 123 (1930) J. A. Becker, ibid. 7, 95 (1935)
T. E. Phipps and J. E. Clemens, unpublished data, 1935
J. E. Clemens and T. E. Phipps, Rev. Sci. Inst. 8, 133 (1937)
H. A. Jones and I. Langmuir, Gen. Elec. Rev. 30, 310 (1927)
H. A. Jones and I. Langmuir, Gen. Elec. Rev. 30, 354 (1927)
W. H. Brattain and J. A. Becker, Phys. Rev. 43, 428 (1933) W. B. Nottingham, ibid. 49, 78 (1936) H. B. Wahlin and L. V. Whitney, ibid. 50, 735 (1936)
T. F. Young and P. J. Hartouch, private communication
J. B. Taylor and I. Langmuir, Phys. Rev. 44, 430 (1933)
R. L. E. Seifert and T. E. Phipps, Phys. Rev. 53, 493 (1938)
R. T. Birge, Nature 137, 187 (1936)
Omitted endnote
Mr. C. W. Beazley National Bureau of Standards

[c1] W. Schottky, Physik. Zeits. 15, 872 (1914) Ann. d. Physik 44, 1011 (1914)

[c2] W. Schottky, Physik. Zeits. 20, 220 (1919) Zeits. f. Physik 14, 63 (1923)

[c3] S. Dushman et al., Phys. Rev. 25, 338 (1925)

[c4] J. Becker and D. Mueller, Phys. Rev. 31, 431 (1928)

[c5] C. C. Lauritsen and S. S. Mackeown, Phys. Rev. 32, 326 (1928)

[c6] L. A. Dubridge, Phys. Rev. 32, 961 (1928)

[c7] N. A. de Bruyne, Proc. Roy. Soc. A120, 423 (1928)

[c8] R. S. Bartlett, Proc. Roy. Soc. A121, 456 (1928)

[c9] W. S. Pforte, Zeits. f. Physik 49, 46 (1928)

[c10] N. B. Reynolds, Phys. Rev. 35, 158 (1930)

[c11] W. B. Nottingham, Phys. Rev. 47, 806 (1935) ibid.49, 78 (1936)

[c12] K. T. Compton and I. Langmuir, Rev. Mod. Phys. 2, 123 (1930) J. A. Becker, ibid. 7, 95 (1935)

[c13] T. E. Phipps and J. E. Clemens, unpublished data, 1935

[c14] J. E. Clemens and T. E. Phipps, Rev. Sci. Inst. 8, 133 (1937)

[c15] H. A. Jones and I. Langmuir, Gen. Elec. Rev. 30, 310 (1927)

[c16] H. A. Jones and I. Langmuir, Gen. Elec. Rev. 30, 354 (1927)

[c17] W. H. Brattain and J. A. Becker, Phys. Rev. 43, 428 (1933) W. B. Nottingham, ibid. 49, 78 (1936) H. B. Wahlin and L. V. Whitney, ibid. 50, 735 (1936)

[c18] T. F. Young and P. J. Hartouch, private communication

[c19] J. B. Taylor and I. Langmuir, Phys. Rev. 44, 430 (1933)

[c20] R. L. E. Seifert and T. E. Phipps, Phys. Rev. 53, 493 (1938)

[c21] R. T. Birge, Nature 137, 187 (1936)

[c22] Omitted endnote

[c23] Mr. C. W. Beazley National Bureau of Standards

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Evidence of a Periodic Deviation from the Schottky Line. I

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Evidence of a Periodic Deviation from the Schottky Line. II

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