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Thermo-Electric Effect in Single Crystal Zinc
Phys. Rev. 29, 554 – Published 1 April, 1927
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.29.554
Abstract
Thermal e.m.f., thermo-electric power, Peltier heat of single crystal Zn against Cu as functions of crystal orientation.—In continuation of previous work data are presented on the thermal e.m.f. against copper of six single crystal wires of zinc, of which the orientations of the main crystallographic (hexagonal) axis with respect to the wire axis, range from 11.4° to 90°. (The average deviation from the mean for these observations is 0.8°.) The temperature interval is from - 182° to 475°C. The apparatus designed to enable measurements to be made above the melting point is described in detail.
Thermo-electric power, Peltier heat, and difference of Thomson coefficients for Zn ⊥ against Zn∥.—From the data are calculated the thermo-electric power, Peltier coefficient, and difference of the Thomson coefficients for Zn ⊥ against Zn∥. The data also provide a test for the Voigt-Thomson law for the variation of the thermo-electric power with crystal orientation. The law seems to be verified within the limits of experimental error for the low temperatures, but the deviations at the high temperatures (300°-400°) are greater than the experimental errors are thought to be.
Thermal e.m.f. of liquid Zn against single crystal and polycrystalline Zn.—Further, the thermo-electric powers of liquid Zn against solid single crystal Zn of different orien tations, and against polycrystalline Zn are given. The value-7.89μv. per deg. for for Zn (polycrystalline) having been found. A theoretical discussion of the thermo-electric effect in polycrystalline substances having different properties along only two of the crystallographic axes, leads to the formula (), and indicates that such a polycrystalline metal wire should behave the same as a single crystal wire of orientation 54.5°, the experimental value found being between 65° and 70°. It appears from this formula that polycrystalline Zn may be considered as an alloy of two parts Zn ⊥ and one part Zn∥.
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