Spectroscopic Studies of SrTi<span class="aps-inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> Using Impurity-Ion Probes

S. E. Stokowski; A. L. Schawlow

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.178.457

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Spectroscopic Studies of SrTi $O_{3}$ Using Impurity-Ion Probes

S. E. Stokowski^* and A. L. Schawlow

Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305

^*National Science Foundation Predoctoral Fellow.

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Phys. Rev. 178, 457 – Published 10 February, 1969

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.178.457

Abstract

Sharp-line fluorescence and absorption in the region of 7935 Å were observed in ${Cr}^{3 +}$ -doped and undoped SrTi $O_{3}$ . It is reasonably established that the fluorescence and absorption are due to the ${}^{2}E \leftrightarrow {}^{4}A_{2}$ transition ( $R$ line) of the ${Cr}^{3 +}$ ion. Polarization and absorption measurements indicate that the $R$ -line transition is magnetic dipole. Fluorescence from ${Mn}^{4 +}$ -doped SrTi $O_{3}$ was seen at about 7230 Å. At low temperatures, a temperature-dependent splitting of the $R$ -line transition of ${Cr}^{3 +}$ is seen. It is shown that this is due to the lifting of the degeneracy of the ${}^{2}E$ state by the temperature-dependent tetragonal field present in SrTi $O_{3}$ below 103±2°K. These results are compared with previous measurements on rare-earth ions in SrTi $O_{3}$ . The possible origin of the tetragonal transition is discussed.

References (31)

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[c1] R. A. Cowley, Phys. Rev. 134, A981 (1964)

[c2] J. M. Worlock and P. A. Fleury, Phys. Rev. Letters 19, 1176 (1967)

[c3] G. Rupprecht and W. H. Winter, Phys. Rev. 155, 1019 (1967)

[c4] E. F. Steigmeier, Phys. Rev. 168, 523 (1968)

[c5] L. Rimai and G. A. deMars, Phys. Rev. 127, 702 (1962)

[c6] H. Unoki and T. Sakudo, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 23, 546 (1967)

[c7] R. Bell and G. Rupprecht, Phys. Rev. 129, 90 (1963)

[c8] S. E. Stokowski and A. L. Schawlow, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 11, 886 (1966)

[c9] L. H. Grabner, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 12, 1069 (1967)

[c10] Y. T. Sihvonen, J. Appl. Phys. 38, 443 (1967)

[c11] K. A. Müller, in Paramagnetic Resonance, edited by W. Low (Academic Press Inc., New York, 1963), Vol. I

[c12] D. L. Wood, J. Chem. Phys. 42, 3404 (1965)

[c13] L. Couture, F. Brunetiere, F. Forrat, and P. Trévoux, Compt. Rend. 256, 3046 (1963)

[c14] R. M. Macfarlane (private communication)

[c15] Y. Tanabe and S. Sugano, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 9, 753 (1954) ibid.11, 864 (1956)

[c16] V. V. Druzhinin, Fiz. Tverd. Tela. 9, 2457 (1967) [Soviet Phys.—Solid State 9, 1938 (1968)]

[c17] H. W. Gandy, Phys. Rev. 113, 795 (1959)

[c18] L. H. Grabner, in Interaction of Radiation with Solids, edited by A. Bishnay (Plenum Press, Inc., New York, 1967), p. 155

[c19] D. M. Dodd, D. L. Wood, and R. L. Barns, J. Appl. Phys. 35, 1183 (1964)

[c20] M. J. Weber (private communication)

[c21] G. F. Imbusch, A. L. Schawlow, A. D. May, and S. Sugano, Phys. Rev. 140, A830 (1965)

[c22] H. Unoki and T. Sakudo, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 23, 546 (1967)

[c23] A. L. Schawlow, A. H. Piksis, and S. Sugano, Phys. Rev. 122, 1469 (1961)

[c24] G. D. Watkins and E. Feher, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 7, 29 (1962)

[c25] M. H. Francombe and B. Lewis, J. Electronics 2, 387 (1957)

[c26] B. D. Silverman, Phys. Rev. 128, 638 (1962)

[c27] P. A. Fleury, J. F. Scott, and J. M. Worlock, Phys. Rev. Letters 21, 16 (1968)

[c28] K. S. Aleksandrov, L. M. Reshchikova, and B. V. Beynosikov, Phys. Status Solidi 18, K17 (1966)

[c29] H. Yamamoto, S. Makishima, and S. Shionoya, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 23, 1321 (1967)

[c30] A. S. Barker, Jr., Phys. Rev. 145, 391 (1966)

[c31] W. G. Nilsen and J. G. Skinner, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 2240 (1968)

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Spectroscopic Studies of SrTi $O_{3}$ Using Impurity-Ion Probes

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Spectroscopic Studies of SrTiO3 Using Impurity-Ion Probes

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References (31)

Spectroscopic Studies of SrTi $O_{3}$ Using Impurity-Ion Probes