- Access by Xinjiang University
Investigation of a New Kind of Energetic Neutral Excitation in Superfluid Helium
Phys. Rev. 175, 229 – Published 5 November, 1968
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.175.229
Abstract
We present evidence for the existence of a new kind of neutral excitation generated in superfluid helium in the presence of a -particle source..The flux of neutral excitations is negligibly small above 0.6°K and increases as the temperature is decreased. The neutral excitations travel in the liquid at low temperatures through distances greater than 1 cm without appreciable scattering or attenuation. They produce ions and electrons at the free surface of the liquid, and positive ions and electrons at a suitably arranged metal plate immersed in the liquid. Experiments indicate that these neutral excitations are not photons. A possible model for the neutral is some kind of exciton. In addition, we also present evidence that, at temperatures below 1°K, electrons within superfluid helium may emerge from the liquid into the vapor above its surface when they arrive at the liquid surface trapped in vortex rings. No such behavior is observed for positive ions.
References (48)
- J. Wilks, The Properties of Liquid and Solid Helium (Oxford University Press, London, 1967)
- [1], pp. 259-265
- R. J. Donnelly, Experimental Superfluidity (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1967), pp. 172-177 A. J. Dahm and T. M. Sanders, Phys. Rev. Letters 17, 126 (1966)
- [3], pp. 196-207
- G. W. Rayfield and F. Reif, Phys. Rev. 136, A1194 (1964)
- G. Careri, U. Fasoli, and F. S. Gaeta, Nuovo Cimento 15, 774 (1960) L. Bruschi, B. Maraviglia, and F. E. Moss, Phys. Rev. Letters 17, 682 (1966)
- C. M. Surko and F. Reif, Phys. Rev. Letters 20, 582 (1968)
Omitted endnote
- Appendix II, C. M. Surko, Ph. D. thesis, University of California, 1968 (unpublished)
Omitted endnote
Omitted endnote
Omitted endnote
- [9]
- [5]. Sec. IV, A
Omitted endnote
- M. Silver, D. G. Onn, P. Smejtek, and K. Masuda, Phys. Rev. Letters 19, 626 (1967)
Omitted endnote
Omitted endnote
Omitted endnote
- [18]
Omitted endnote
Omitted endnote
Omitted endnote
Omitted endnote
- W. H. Bennett, J. Appl. Phys. 21, 143 (1950) [5]
- J. A. Hornbeck and J. P. Molnar, Phys. Rev. 84, 621 (1951) F. L. Arnot and M. B. M'Ewen, Proc. Royal Soc. (London) A171, 106 (1939)
- Om P. Rustgi, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 630 (1965)
- D. F. Heath and P. Sacher, Appl. Opt. 5, 937 (1966) H. W. Hohls, Ann. Physik 29, 433 (1937)
- Appendix III [9]
Omitted endnote
- [20]
Omitted endnote
Omitted endnote
- L. Bruschi, B. Maraviglia, and F. E. Moss, Phys. Rev. Letters 17, 682 (1966)
Omitted endnote
- P. E. Parks and R. J. Donnelly, Phys. Rev. Letters 16, 45 (1966)
- L. Meyer and T. Soda, Phys. Rev. 137, A428 (1965)
- W. M. Hicks, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 102A, 111 (1922) Proc. Roy. Soc. (London)102ASec. 13
- P. N. Reagan, J. C. Browne, and F. A. Matsen, Phys. Rev. 132, 304 (1963)
- G. Baldini, Phys. Rev. 128, 1562 (1962)
- C. E. Moore, Atomic Energy Levels (National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C., 1948), Vol. I, p. 4
Omitted endnote
- M. L. Ginter, J. Chem. Phys. 42, 561 (1965)
- A. V. Phelps, Phys. Rev. 99, 1307 (1955)
Omitted endnote
Omitted endnote
- H. Lamb, Hydrodynamics (Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1945), 6th ed
- W. R. Smythe, Static and Dynamic Electricity (McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1939)