Stark Effect in the Excited States of Rb, Cs, Cd, and Hg

Abbas Khadjavi; Allen Lurio; W. Happer

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.167.128

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Stark Effect in the Excited States of Rb, Cs, Cd, and Hg

Abbas Khadjavi^* and Allen Lurio

W. Happer

IBM Watson Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York

Columbia University, New York, New York

^*Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Pure Science, Columbia University. Present address: Westinghouse Research Laboratories, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15235.

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Phys. Rev. 167, 128 – Published 5 March, 1968

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.167.128

Abstract

Two new experimental techniques have been developed and used to measure the differential Stark shifts between the Zeeman sublevels in excited atomic states. For states whose differential Stark shifts, in uniform electric fields attainable in the laboratory, are comparable to the hfs separation, the method of pure electricfield level crossing may be used. This method has been applied to the $6 p {}^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state of rubidium and the $7 p {}^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state of cesium. The differential shifts are $E (\pm \frac{3}{2}) - E (\pm \frac{1}{2}) = 0.521 \pm 0.021$ Mc/ ${(k V / c m)}^{2}$ in Rb, and 1.077±0.043 Mc/ ${(k V / c m)}^{2}$ in Cs. For isotopes with no hyperfine structure ( $I = 0$ ) or states whose Stark shifts are small compared to their hfs, we have used the level-crossing technique with parallel electric and magnetic fields. This technique has been employed to measure the differential shifts in the $5 s 5 p {}^{3}P_{1}$ state of cadmium and the $6 s 6 p {}^{3}P_{1}$ state of mercury. The results are $E (\pm 1) - E (0) = - 2.550 \pm 0.105$ kc/ ${(k V / c m)}^{2}$ in Cd, and -2.355±0.090 kc/ ${(k V / c m)}^{2}$ in Hg. The theory of quadratic Stark shifts in terms of scalar and tensor operators is presented, and the shifts in these four elements are calculated using the Coulomb approximation for the potential of the outer electron. The agreement between the experimental and the theoretical values is satisfactory.

References (13)

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J. E. Blamont, Ann. Phys. (Paris) 2, 55 (1957) R. D. Haun, Jr., and J. R. Zacharias, Phys. Rev. 107, 107 (1957) E. Lipworth and P. G. H. Sandars, Phys. Rev. Letters 13, 716 (1964) R. Marrus, D. McColm, and J. Yellin, Phys. Rev. 147, 55 (1966) E. B. Aleksandrov and V. V. Khromov, Opt. i Spektroskopiya 18, 545 (1964) [English transl.: Opt. Spectry. (USSR) 18, 313 (1965)] B. Budick, S. Marcus, and R. Novick, Phys. Rev. 140, A1041 (1965) J. J. Forney and E. Geneux, Phys. Letters 20, 632 (1966) [8]
P. G. H. Sandars and J. R. P. Angel [J. R. P. Angel, thesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, 1967 (unpublished)] W. Happer and E. B. Saloman, Phys. Rev. Letters 15, 441 (1965)
E. U. Condon and G. H. Shortley, The Theory of Atomic Spectra (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1935), Chap. IV
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[c1] A. Dalgarno and J. T. Lewis, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A233, 70 (1956) C. Schwartz, Ann. Phys. (N. Y.) 2, 156 (1959) R. M. Sternheimer, Phys. Rev. 127, 1220 (1962)

[c2] J. E. Blamont, Ann. Phys. (Paris) 2, 55 (1957) R. D. Haun, Jr., and J. R. Zacharias, Phys. Rev. 107, 107 (1957) E. Lipworth and P. G. H. Sandars, Phys. Rev. Letters 13, 716 (1964) R. Marrus, D. McColm, and J. Yellin, Phys. Rev. 147, 55 (1966) E. B. Aleksandrov and V. V. Khromov, Opt. i Spektroskopiya 18, 545 (1964) [English transl.: Opt. Spectry. (USSR) 18, 313 (1965)] B. Budick, S. Marcus, and R. Novick, Phys. Rev. 140, A1041 (1965) J. J. Forney and E. Geneux, Phys. Letters 20, 632 (1966) [8]

[c3] P. G. H. Sandars and J. R. P. Angel [J. R. P. Angel, thesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, 1967 (unpublished)] W. Happer and E. B. Saloman, Phys. Rev. Letters 15, 441 (1965)

[c4] E. U. Condon and G. H. Shortley, The Theory of Atomic Spectra (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1935), Chap. IV

[c5] D. R. Bates and A. Damgaard, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London 242, 101 (1949)

[c6] G. Breit, Rev. Mod. Phys. 5, 91 (1933) P. A. Franken, Phys. Rev. 121, 508 (1961) M. E. Rose and R. L. Carovillano, ibid. 122, 1185 (1961)

[c7] U. Fano, Rev. Mod. Phys. 29, 74 (1957) T. R. Carver and R. B. Partridge, Am. J. Phys. 34, 339 (1966)

[c8] A. Khadjavi, W. Happer, and A. Lurio, Phys. Rev. Letters 17, 463 (1966)

[c9] W. Hanle, Z. Physik 35, 346 (1926)

[c10] J. Barrat, J. Phys. Radium 20, 633 (1959)

[c11] T. G. Eck, L. L. Foldy, and H. Wieder, Phys. Rev. Letters 10, 239 (1963) H. Weider and T. G. Eck, Phys. Rev. 153, 103 (1967)

[c12] F. W. Byron, Jr., M. N. McDermott, and R. Novick, Phys. Rev. 134, A615 (1964)

[c13] R. Marrus, D. McColm, and J. Yellin, Phys. Rev. 147, 55 (1966)

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Stark Effect in the Excited States of Rb, Cs, Cd, and Hg

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