Optical Properties of Perovskite Oxides in Their Paraelectric and Ferroelectric Phases

M. DiDomenico, Jr; S. H. Wemple

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.166.565

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Optical Properties of Perovskite Oxides in Their Paraelectric and Ferroelectric Phases

M. DiDomenico, Jr. and S. H. Wemple

Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey

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Phys. Rev. 166, 565 – Published 10 February, 1968

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.166.565

Abstract

The optical-absorption characteristics of the perovskite oxides BaTi $O_{3}$ , KTa $O_{3}$ , and K ${Ta}_{0.65}$ ${Nb}_{0.35}$ $O_{3}$ (KTN) are reported in the vicinity of the interband absorption edge, and, in the case of semiconducting KTN, in the near infrared where donor photo-ionization absorption dominates. The large optical-absorption anisotropies observed in the ferroelectric phases of BaTi $O_{3}$ and KTN are shown to be related to shifts in conduction-band valleys by using a many-valley model with three valley minima at the zone boundary along the $〈 100 〉$ directions. The two valleys lying along axes perpendicular to the direction of the spontaneous polarization $P_{s}$ are raised in energy by an amount $Δ E \propto {P_{s}}^{2}$ relative to the valley parallel to $P_{s}$ , where $Δ E = 2.2 {P_{s}}^{2}$ eV for KTN and $Δ E = 1.5 {P_{s}}^{2}$ eV for BaTi $O_{3}$ ( $P_{s}$ is in C/ $m^{2}$ ). In the case of KTN the valley energy shifts are found to be consistent with electrical-conductivity anisotropy data. The interband-absorption-edge data are found to show an exponential Urbach tail in all three materials up to absorption coefficients of at least $10^{3}$ ${cm}^{- 1}$ . The band-edge results for BaTi $O_{3}$ are in disagreement with existing published data. The donor photo-ionization data in semiconducting KTN and the attendant large dichroism are shown to be governed by a simple $f$ sum rule.

References (39)

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Omitted endnote
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([28])
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Omitted endnote
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[c1] M. Cardona, Phys. Rev. 140, A651 (1965)

[c2] S. K. Kurtz, in Proceedings of the International Meeting on Ferroelectricity, edited by V. Dvorak, A. Fouskova, and P. Glogar (Publishing House, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1966), Vol. 1, p. 413 S. K. Kurtz, T. C. Rich, and W. J. Cole (to be published)

[c3] A. Frova and P. J. Boddy, Phys. Rev. Letters 16, 688 (1966)

[c4] A. Frova and P. J. Boddy, Phys. Rev. 153, 606 (1967)

[c5] H. P. R. Frederikse, W. R. Thurber, and W. R. Hosler, Phys. Rev. 134, A442 (1964)

[c6] S. H. Wemple, Phys. Rev. 137, A1575 (1965)

[c7] H. P. R. Frederikse, W. R. Hosler, and W. R. Thurber, Phys. Rev. 143, 648 (1966) H. P. R. Frederikse, W. R. Hosler, W. R. Thurber, J. Babiskin, and P. G. Siebenmann, ibid. 158, 775 (1967)

[c8] O. N. Tufte and E. L. Stelzer, Phys. Rev. 141, 675 (1966)

[c9] S. H. Wemple, A. Jayaraman, and M. DiDomenico, Jr., Phys. Rev. Letters 17, 142 (1966)

[c10] L. S. Senhouse, G. E. Smith, and M. V. DePaolis, Phys. Rev. Letters 15, 776 (1965)

[c11] J. F. Schooley, W. R. Hosler, and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. Letters 12, 474 (1964) J. F. Schooley, W. R. Hosler, E. Ambler, J. H. Becker, M. L. Cohen, and C. S. Koonce, ibid. 14, 305 (1965)

[c12] A. H. Kahn and A. J. Leyendecker, Phys. Rev. 135, A1321 (1964)

[c13] I. Camlibel (unpublished)

[c14] C. N. Berglund and W. S. Baer, Phys. Rev. 157, 358 (1967)

[c15] J. R. Brews, Phys. Rev. Letters 18, 662 (1967)

[c16] R. C. Casella, Phys. Rev. 154, 743 (1967)

[c17] W. S. Baer, Phys. Rev. Letters 16, 729 (1966) J. Phys. Chem. Solids 28, 677 (1967)

[c18] H. P. R. Frederikse and G. A. Candela, Phys. Rev. 147, 583 (1966)

[c19] Omitted endnote

[c20] W. A. Bonner, E. F. Dearborn, and L. G. Van Uitert, in Crystal Growth, edited by H. S. Peiser (Pergamon Press, Inc,, New York, 1967), p. 437

[c21] C. N. Berglund and H. J. Braun, Phys. Rev. (to be published)

[c22] S. H. Wemple and S. K. Kurtz, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 11, 401 (1966)

[c23] S. H. Wemple, D. Kahng, C. N. Berglund, and L. G. Van Uitert, J. Appl. Phys. 38, 799 (1967)

[c24] M. DiDomenico, Jr., and S. H. Wemple, Phys. Rev. 155, 539 (1967)

[c25] T. S. Moss, Optical Properties of Semi-Conductors (Academic Press Inc., New York, 1961), p. 14

[c26] F. Urbach, Phys. Rev. 92, 1324 (1953)

[c27] R. C. Casella and S. P. Keller, Phys. Rev. 116, 1469 (1959)

[c28] J. P. Remeika, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 940 (1954)

[c29] A. Linz, V. Belruss, and C. S. Naiman, J. Electrochem. Soc. 112, 60C (1965)

[c30] ([28])

[c31] J. E. Geusic, S. K. Kurtz, L. G. Van Uitert, and S. H. Wemple, Appl. Phys. Letters 4, 141 (1964)

[c32] F. S. Chen, J. E. Geusic, S. K. Kurtz, J. G. Skinner, and S. H. Wemple, J. Appl. Phys. 37, 388 (1966)

[c33] G. D. Mahan, Phys. Rev. 145, 602 (1966)

[c34] W. J. Merz, Phys. Rev. 91, 513 (1953) M. E. Drougard, R. Landauer, and D. R. Young, 98, 1010 (1955) C. J. Johnson, Appl. Phys. Letters 7, 221 (1965)

[c35] Omitted endnote

[c36] A. Frova, Nuovo Cimento (to be published)

[c37] Ch. Gähwiller, Solid State Commun. 5, 65 (1967)

[c38] G. Lucovsky, Solid State Commun. 3, 299 (1965)

[c39] J. D. Zook and T. N. Casselman, Phys. Rev. Letters 17, 960 (1966)

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Optical Properties of Perovskite Oxides in Their Paraelectric and Ferroelectric Phases

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