Radiative and Collision-Induced Relaxation of Atomic States in the <span class="aps-inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>2</mn><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mn>3</mn><mi>p</mi></math></span> Configuration of Neon

W. R. Bennett, Jr; P. J. Kindlmann

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.149.38

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Radiative and Collision-Induced Relaxation of Atomic States in the $2 p^{5} 3 p$ Configuration of Neon

W. R. Bennett, Jr.^* and P. J. Kindlmann^†

Sloane and Dunham Laboratories, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut

^*Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow.
^†To be submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree at Yale University.

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Phys. Rev. 149, 38 – Published 9 September, 1966

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.149.38

Abstract

Application of techniques previously developed by the authors for the precise measurement of excited-state lifetimes has been made to radiative and collision-induced relaxation in the ten fine-structure levels of the $2 p^{5} 3 p$ configuration of atomic neon. Lifetimes are determined as a function of pressure by studying the transient decay of isolated optical transitions from levels excited by short bursts of threshold-energy electrons. Measurements of the total radiative lifetimes have been made for these ten states within errors ranging from about 1 to 3%. The present work represents an improvement in the accuracy with which these lifetimes have been determined of at least an order of magnitude over previous experimental determinations. Discrepancies (which in some cases amount to an order of magnitude in the mean values) with previous lifetime studies are shown to be easily attributable to radiative cascade effects arising from nonthreshold excitation. The radiative lifetimes for these levels (Paschen notation) are, in nsec: $2 p_{1} (14.4 \pm 0.3)$ ; $2 p_{2} (18.8 \pm 0.3)$ ; $2 p_{3} (17.6 \pm 0.2)$ ; $2 p_{4} (19.1 \pm 0.3)$ ; $2 p_{5} (19.9 \pm 0.4)$ ; $2 p_{6} (19.7 \pm 0.2)$ ; $2 p_{7} (19.9 \pm 0.4)$ ; $2 p_{8} (19.8 \pm 0.2)$ ; $2 p_{9} (19.4 \pm 0.6)$ ; and $2 p_{10} (24.8 \pm 0.4)$ . Variations ≈ 5% in the radial part of the transition probability were encountered for different $3 p \to 3 s$ transitions; these variations may be attributed to configuration interaction. Calculations of $σ^{2}$ from the Coulomb approximation agreed with the experimentally determined values within this spread. Cross sections for inelastic excitation transfer were encountered for the more closely spaced states which were comparable to gas kinetic cross sections, but which could not be determined in the present work to within much less than 50% error in most cases. The relationship of the present work to problems in the gas laser field is discussed.

References (29)

W. R. Bennett, Jr., in Advances in Quantum Electronics, edited by J. Singer (Columbia University Press, New York, 1961), pp. 28-43
W. R. Bennett, Jr., P. J. Kindlmann, and G. N. Mercer, Appl. Opt. Suppl. 2, 34 (1965)
P. J. Kindlmann and J.Sunderl and, Rev. Sci. Instr. 37, 445 (1966)
S. Heron, R. W. P. McWhirter and E. H. Rhoderick, Nature 174, 564 (1954) Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A234, 565 (1956)
J. Z. Klose, Phys. Rev. 141, 181 (1966)
T. Holstein, Phys. Rev. 72, 1212 (1947) ibid.83, 1159 (1951)
T. HolsteinAtomic Energy Levels, Edited by C. E. Moore, Natl. Bur. Std. (U. S.) Circ. No. 467 (U. S. Government Printing and Publishing Office, Washington, D. C., 1949), Vol. 1
Omitted endnote
J. A. Hornbeck and J. P. Molnar, Phys. Rev. 84, 621 (1951)
D. R. Bates and J. T. Lewis, Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) A68, 173 (1955) J. H. Stamper and H. Margenau (to be published)
W. R. Bennett, Jr. and P. J. Kindlmann, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 8, 87 (1963)
P. C. Rogers, M. I. T. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Technical Report No. 76 1962 (unpublished)
A. Arcese, Appl. Opt. 3, 435 (1964)
R. Ladenburg, Rev. Mod. Phys. 5, 243 (1933)
K. Krebs, Z. Physik 101, 604 (1936)
J. R. Dixon and F. A. Grant, Phys. Rev. 107, 118 (1957)
A. V. Phelps, Phys. Rev. 114, 1011 (1959)
H. G. Dorgela, Physica 5, 90 (1925)
M. Garbuny, Z. Physik 107, 362 (1937)
G. H. Shortley, Phys. Rev. 47, 295 (1935)
B. W. Shore and D. H. Menzel, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 12, 187 (1965)
E. Fermi, Z. Physik 59, 680 (1929)
D. R. Bates and A. Damgaard, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A242, 101 (1950)
W. R. Bennett, Jr., Appl. Opt. Suppl. 2, 3 (1965)
W. R. Bennett, Jr., Phys. Rev. 126, 580 (1962) Appl. Opt. Suppl. 1, 24 (1962) ibid.2, 3, 78 (1965) in Quantum Electronics, edited by P. Grivet and N. Bloembergen, (Columbia University Press, New York, 1964), pp. 441-458 W. E. Lamb, Jr. and T. M. Sanders, Phys. Rev. 119, 1901 (1960) W. E. Lamb, Jr., ibid. 134, A1429 (1964) A. Szöke and A. Javan, Phys. Rev. Letters 10, 521 (1963)
D. A. Leonard, R. A. Neal, and E. T. Gerry, Appl. Phys. Letters 7, 175 (1965)
M. J. Druyvesteyn and F. M. Penning, Rev. Mod. Phys. 12, 87 (1940)
A. Gold and R. S. Knox, Phys. Rev. 113, 834 (1959)
V. P. Chebotayev and I. Beterov (private communication)

[c1] W. R. Bennett, Jr., in Advances in Quantum Electronics, edited by J. Singer (Columbia University Press, New York, 1961), pp. 28-43

[c2] W. R. Bennett, Jr., P. J. Kindlmann, and G. N. Mercer, Appl. Opt. Suppl. 2, 34 (1965)

[c3] P. J. Kindlmann and J.Sunderl and, Rev. Sci. Instr. 37, 445 (1966)

[c4] S. Heron, R. W. P. McWhirter and E. H. Rhoderick, Nature 174, 564 (1954) Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A234, 565 (1956)

[c5] J. Z. Klose, Phys. Rev. 141, 181 (1966)

[c6] T. Holstein, Phys. Rev. 72, 1212 (1947) ibid.83, 1159 (1951)

[c7] T. HolsteinAtomic Energy Levels, Edited by C. E. Moore, Natl. Bur. Std. (U. S.) Circ. No. 467 (U. S. Government Printing and Publishing Office, Washington, D. C., 1949), Vol. 1

[c8] Omitted endnote

[c9] J. A. Hornbeck and J. P. Molnar, Phys. Rev. 84, 621 (1951)

[c10] D. R. Bates and J. T. Lewis, Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) A68, 173 (1955) J. H. Stamper and H. Margenau (to be published)

[c11] W. R. Bennett, Jr. and P. J. Kindlmann, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 8, 87 (1963)

[c12] P. C. Rogers, M. I. T. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Technical Report No. 76 1962 (unpublished)

[c13] A. Arcese, Appl. Opt. 3, 435 (1964)

[c14] R. Ladenburg, Rev. Mod. Phys. 5, 243 (1933)

[c15] K. Krebs, Z. Physik 101, 604 (1936)

[c16] J. R. Dixon and F. A. Grant, Phys. Rev. 107, 118 (1957)

[c17] A. V. Phelps, Phys. Rev. 114, 1011 (1959)

[c18] H. G. Dorgela, Physica 5, 90 (1925)

[c19] M. Garbuny, Z. Physik 107, 362 (1937)

[c20] G. H. Shortley, Phys. Rev. 47, 295 (1935)

[c21] B. W. Shore and D. H. Menzel, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 12, 187 (1965)

[c22] E. Fermi, Z. Physik 59, 680 (1929)

[c23] D. R. Bates and A. Damgaard, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A242, 101 (1950)

[c24] W. R. Bennett, Jr., Appl. Opt. Suppl. 2, 3 (1965)

[c25] W. R. Bennett, Jr., Phys. Rev. 126, 580 (1962) Appl. Opt. Suppl. 1, 24 (1962) ibid.2, 3, 78 (1965) in Quantum Electronics, edited by P. Grivet and N. Bloembergen, (Columbia University Press, New York, 1964), pp. 441-458 W. E. Lamb, Jr. and T. M. Sanders, Phys. Rev. 119, 1901 (1960) W. E. Lamb, Jr., ibid. 134, A1429 (1964) A. Szöke and A. Javan, Phys. Rev. Letters 10, 521 (1963)

[c26] D. A. Leonard, R. A. Neal, and E. T. Gerry, Appl. Phys. Letters 7, 175 (1965)

[c27] M. J. Druyvesteyn and F. M. Penning, Rev. Mod. Phys. 12, 87 (1940)

[c28] A. Gold and R. S. Knox, Phys. Rev. 113, 834 (1959)

[c29] V. P. Chebotayev and I. Beterov (private communication)

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Radiative and Collision-Induced Relaxation of Atomic States in the $2 p^{5} 3 p$ Configuration of Neon

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Radiative and Collision-Induced Relaxation of Atomic States in the 2p53p Configuration of Neon

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Radiative and Collision-Induced Relaxation of Atomic States in the $2 p^{5} 3 p$ Configuration of Neon