Excited-State Mixing in the Optical Pumping of Alkali-Metal Vapors

Frank A. Franz; Judy R. Franz

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.148.82

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Excited-State Mixing in the Optical Pumping of Alkali-Metal Vapors

Frank A. Franz^*

Judy R. Franz

Physics Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland

IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 Rüschlikon-ZH, Switzerland

^*National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow.

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Phys. Rev. 148, 82 – Published 5 August, 1966

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.148.82

Abstract

The effect of excited-state mixing on the optical pumping of alkali-metal vapors is considered for the case where the energy separation between the ${}^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and ${}^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ first excited states is relatively large, allowing the isolation of mixing effects within a particular $J$ level. Two models for the mixing process are proposed, one a random reorientation of the total electronic angular momentum J, and the other a reorientation of J subject to the selection rule $Δ m_{J} = 0, \pm 2$ . The probabilities for mixing transitions among $J$ -state sublevels have been calculated for an alkali atom of nuclear spin $\frac{3}{2}$ , and can be used to calculate the optical-pumping transition probabilities for a vapor subject to any degree of excited-state mixing. Several possible experiments suggested by these calculations are discussed.

References (37)

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W. Franzen and A. G. Emslie, Phys. Rev. 108, 1453 (1957)
W. B. Hawkins, Phys. Rev. 123, 544 (1961)
H. G. Dehmelt, Phys. Rev. 105, 1487 (1957)
H. G. Dehmelt (private communication)
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W. Lochte-Holtgreven, Z. Physik 47, 362 (1928)
R. Seiwert, Ann. Physik 18, 54 (1956)
G. D. Chapman and L. Krause, Can. J. Phys. 43, 563 (1965)
M. Czajkowski, D. A. McGillis, and L. Krause, Can. J. Phys. 44, 91 (1966)
B. Pitre, A. G. A. Rae, and L. Krause, Can. J. Phys. 44, 731 (1966)
T. J. Beahn, W. J. Condell, and H. I. Mandelberg, Phys. Rev. 141, 83 (1966)
J. A. Jordan and P. A. Franken, Phys. Rev. 142, 83 (1966)
P. Bender, thesis, Princeton University, 1956 (unpublished)
E. U. Condon and G. H. Shortley, Theory of Atomic Spectra (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1963)
W. R. Thorson, J. Chem. Phys. 34, 1744 (1961)
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E. E. Nikitin, J. Chem. Phys. 43, 744 (1965)
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J. A. Jordan, thesis, University of Michigan, 1964 (unpublished)
See Table II of [2]
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G. L. Datta, Z. Physik 37, 625 (1926)
W. Hanle, Z. Physik 41, 164 (1927)
W. Ermisch and R. Seiwert, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 2, 393 (1959)
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M. A. Bouchiat, Publications Scientifiques et Techniques du Ministère de l'Air, Nr. N. T. 146, Paris, 1965 (unpublished) H. Gibbs, Phys. Rev. 139, A1374 (1965)
F. A. Franz, University of Illinois Coordinated Science Laboratory Report No. R-265, 1965 (unpublished)
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[c1] G. V. Skrotskii and T. G. Izyumova, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 73, 423 (1961) [English transl., Soviet Phys.—Uspekhi 4, 177 (1961)] R. Benumof, Am. J. Phys. 33, 151 (1965)

[c2] W. Franzen and A. G. Emslie, Phys. Rev. 108, 1453 (1957)

[c3] W. B. Hawkins, Phys. Rev. 123, 544 (1961)

[c4] H. G. Dehmelt, Phys. Rev. 105, 1487 (1957)

[c5] H. G. Dehmelt (private communication)

[c6] Wood and Mohler, Phys. Rev. 11, 70 (1918) [7–13]

[c7] W. Lochte-Holtgreven, Z. Physik 47, 362 (1928)

[c8] R. Seiwert, Ann. Physik 18, 54 (1956)

[c9] G. D. Chapman and L. Krause, Can. J. Phys. 43, 563 (1965)

[c10] M. Czajkowski, D. A. McGillis, and L. Krause, Can. J. Phys. 44, 91 (1966)

[c11] B. Pitre, A. G. A. Rae, and L. Krause, Can. J. Phys. 44, 731 (1966)

[c12] T. J. Beahn, W. J. Condell, and H. I. Mandelberg, Phys. Rev. 141, 83 (1966)

[c13] J. A. Jordan and P. A. Franken, Phys. Rev. 142, 83 (1966)

[c14] P. Bender, thesis, Princeton University, 1956 (unpublished)

[c15] E. U. Condon and G. H. Shortley, Theory of Atomic Spectra (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1963)

[c16] W. R. Thorson, J. Chem. Phys. 34, 1744 (1961)

[c17] J. W. Moskowitz and W. R. Thorson, J. Chem. Phys. 38, 1848 (1963)

[c18] E. E. Nikitin, J. Chem. Phys. 43, 744 (1965)

[c19] J. Callaway and E. Bauer, Phys. Rev. 140, A1072 (1965)

[c20] J. A. Jordan, thesis, University of Michigan, 1964 (unpublished)

[c21] See Table II of [2]

[c22] S. M. Jarrett, thesis, University of Michigan, 1962 (unpublished)

[c23] G. L. Datta, Z. Physik 37, 625 (1926)

[c24] W. Hanle, Z. Physik 41, 164 (1927)

[c25] W. Ermisch and R. Seiwert, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 2, 393 (1959)

[c26] A. Omont, J. Phys. Radium 26, 26 (1965) J. R. Faroux and J. Brossel, Compt. Rend. 262, 41 (1966)

[c27] R. Marrus and J. Yellin, Phys. Rev. 141, 130 (1966)

[c28] R. Marrus and J. Yellin, University of California Radiation Laboratory Report No. UCRL 16065, 1965 (unpublished)

[c29] M. A. Bouchiat, Publications Scientifiques et Techniques du Ministère de l'Air, Nr. N. T. 146, Paris, 1965 (unpublished) H. Gibbs, Phys. Rev. 139, A1374 (1965)

[c30] F. A. Franz, University of Illinois Coordinated Science Laboratory Report No. R-265, 1965 (unpublished)

[c31] M. A. Bouchiat, J. Phys. Radium 24, 379 (1963)

[c32] F. A. Franz, Phys. Rev. 141, 105 (1966)

[c33] L. W. Anderson and A. T. Ramsey, Phys. Rev. 132, 712 (1963)

[c34] R. A. Bernheim, J. Chem. Phys. 36, 135 (1962)

[c35] F. A. Franz, Phys. Rev. 139, A603 (1965)

[c36] F. A. Franz and E. Lüscher, Phys. Rev. 135, A582 (1964)

[c37] S. Legowski, J. Chem. Phys. 41, 1313 (1964)

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Excited-State Mixing in the Optical Pumping of Alkali-Metal Vapors

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