Experiments on the Average Characteristics of Cascade Showers Produced in Lead by 500- and 1000-MeV Electrons

Eric E. Becklin; James A. Eari

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.136.B237

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Experiments on the Average Characteristics of Cascade Showers Produced in Lead by 500- and 1000-MeV Electrons

Eric E. Becklin^* and James A. Eari

School of Physics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota

^*Present address: Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.

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Phys. Rev. 136, B237 – Published 12 October, 1964

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.136.B237

Abstract

The average number and the energy spectrum of shower electrons present under various thicknesses of lead were obtained with the aid of multiplate and magnetic cloud chambers. The relation between observed track length and incident electron energy was found to be incident energy (MeV) = (23.6±1.6)×track length (radiation lengths). The observed number of shower electrons with energy greater than 10 MeV is in good agreement with that predicted by recent Monte Carlo calculations; however, low-energy electrons (not included in the calculations) were found to be a large fraction of those present at large depths. Measured probabilities $p_{n}$ that exactly $n$ electrons emerge from the lower surface of a 0.75-radiation-length lead plate when one electron is incident from above are given as a function of incident electron energy.

References (16)

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R. R. Wilson, Phys. Rev. 86, 261 (1952)
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J. A. Richards and L. W. Nordheim Phys. Rev. 74, 1106 (1948)
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[c1] B. Rossi, High Energy Particles (Prentice Hall, Inc., New York, 1952) K. Greisen, The Extensive Air Showers, in Progress in Cosmic Ray Physics (North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1956), Vol. III, pp. 1-141

[c2] R. R. Wilson, Phys. Rev. 86, 261 (1952)

[c3] D. F. Crawford and H. Messel, Phys. Rev. 128, 2352 (1962)

[c4] H. Messel, A. D. Smirnov, A. A. Varfolomev, D. F. Crawford, and J. H. Butcher, Nucl. Phys. 39, 1 (1962)

[c5] C. D. Zerby and H. S. Moran, J. Appl. Phys. 34, 2245 (1963)

[c6] S. Nassar and W. E. Hazen Phys. Rev. 69, 298 (1946)

[c7] W. Blocker, R. W. Kenney, and W. K. H. Panofsky, Phys. Rev. 79, 419 (1950)

[c8] C. A. D'Andlau, Nuovo Cimento 12, 859 (1954)

[c9] W. E. Hazen, Phys. Rev. 99, 911 (1955)

[c10] H. Lengeler, M. Deutschmann, and W. Tejessy, Nuovo Cimento 28, 1501 (1963)

[c11] R. Kajikawa, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 18, 1365 (1963)

[c12] J. A. Richards and L. W. Nordheim Phys. Rev. 74, 1106 (1948)

[c13] I. Tamm and S. Belenky, Phys. Rev. 70, 660 (1946)

[c14] L. Katz and A. S. Penfold, Rev. Mod. Phys. 24, 28 (1952)

[c15] W. E. Hazen, Phys. Rev. 64, 7 (1943)

[c16] W. W. Brown, A. S. McKay, and E. D. Palmatier, Phys. Rev. 76, 506 (1949)

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Experiments on the Average Characteristics of Cascade Showers Produced in Lead by 500- and 1000-MeV Electrons

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