- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review Journals Archive

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Electron Spin Resonance Experiments on Shallow Donors in Germanium

D. K. Wilson*

  • Bell Telephone Laboratories, Whippany, New Jersey

  • *This work was performed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Ph.D. degree at Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
PDF

Phys. Rev. 134, A265 – Published 6 April, 1964

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.134.A265

Abstract

At liquid helium temperatures, spin resonance of localized donor electrons has been observed in phorphorus-, arsenic-, and bismuth-doped germanium. The presence of hyperfine splitting confirms the singlet as the ground state for all three. The separation of the excited triplet states has been measured by uniaxially stressing the samples. The triplet states are all found to lie close to the effective-mass value of 0.009 eV. The anisotropy of the g tensor has also been measured by uniaxial stress measurements giving a value for the g anisotropy gII−g⊥=−1.05 for arsenic-doped germanium. The large g anisotropy gives rise to an anisotropic linewidth which is caused by built-in strains in the crystal. Measurements show a strong correlation of this line broadening with the number of dislocations. The broadening is larger than predicted as a result of condensation of the impurities in the neighborhood of dislocations. The linewidth for magnetic fields in the [100] direction, where strain broadening of the line vanishes, has been shown to arise from unresolved hyperfine interactions with Ge73 nuclei. The linewidths are in good agreement with values calculated using an isotropic approximation to the effective-mass wave function. The spin-lattice relaxation times have been measured and compared with the theory of Roth and Hasegawa for the one-phonon process. The temperature dependence, the dependence on amplitude and orientation of the magnetic field, and effects of strain predicted by their theory were observed.

View figure in article

References (55)

  1. W. Kohn, in Solid-State Physics, edited by F. Seitz and D. Turnbull (Academic Press Inc., New York, 1957), Vol. 5
  2. W. Kohn and J. M. Luttinger, Phys. Rev. 97, 1721 (1955)
  3. W. Kohn and J. M. Luttinger, Phys. Rev. 98, 915 (1955)
  4. G. W. Ludwig and H. H. Woodbury, in Solid-State Physics, edited by F. Seitz and D. Turnbull (Academic Press Inc., New York, 1962), Vol. 13
  5. R. C. Fletcher, W. A. Yager, G. L. Pearson, and F. R. Merritt, Phys. Rev. 95, 844 (1954)
  6. G. Feher, Phys. Rev. 114, 1219 (1959)
  7. G. Feher and E. Gere, Phys. Rev. 114, 1245 (1959)
  8. D. K. Wilson and G. Feher, Phys. Rev. 124, 1068 (1961)
  9. G. Feher, D. K. Wilson, and E. Gere, Phys. Rev. Letters 3, 25 (1959)
  10. L. Roth, Phys. Rev. 118, 1534 (1960)
  11. L. Liu, Phys. Rev. 126, 1317 (1962)
  12. H. Fritzsche, Phys. Rev. 120, 1120 (1960)
  13. H. Hasegawa, Phys. Rev. 118, 1523 (1960)
  14. A. Miller and E. Abraham, Phys. Rev. 120, 745 (1960)
  15. M. Lampert, Phys. Rev. 97, 352 (1955)
  16. E. Conwell, Phys. Rev. 103, 51 (1956)
  17. G. Weinreich and H. G. White, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 5, 60 (1960)
  18. Y. Yafet [Phys. Chem. Solids 21, 99 (1961)] ([9])
  19. R. W. Keyes and P. J. Price, Phys. Rev. Letters 5, 473 (1960)
  20. G. Feher, J. Hensel, and E. Gere, Phys. Rev. Letters 5, 309 (1960)
  21. W. Kohn (unpublished)
  22. R. Keyes, in Solid-State Physics, edited by F. Seitz and D. Turnbull (Academic Press Inc., New York, 1962), Vol. II
  23. P. J. Price, Phys. Rev. 104, 1223 (1956)
  24. H. Fritzsche, Phys. Rev. 125, 1560 (1962)
  25. D. K. Wilson and G. Feher, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 5, 60 (1960)
  26. J. Tauc and E. Antoncik, Phys. Rev. Letters 5, 253 (1960)

  27. Omitted endnote

  28. H. McSkimmin, J. Appl. Phys. 24, 988 (1953)
  29. M. Prince, Phys. Rev. 93, 1204 (1954)
  30. R. Shulman, B. Wyluda, and P. W. Anderson, Phys. Rev. 107, 953 (1957)
  31. R. Shulman and B. Wyluda, Phys. Rev. 103, 1127 (1956) Solomon ([32])
  32. I. Solomon (unpublished)
  33. A. Abragam, Principles of Nuclear Magnetism (Oxford University Press, New York, 1961)
  34. B. Wyluda, Phys. Chem. Solids 23, 63 (1962)

  35. Omitted endnote

  36. T. H. Geballe and G. Hull, Phys. Rev. 110, 773 (1958)

  37. Omitted endnote

  38. Omitted endnote

  39. Omitted endnote

  40. W. T. Read, Dislocations in Crystals (McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1953)
  41. R. Pontinnen and T. Sanders Jr., Phys. Rev. Letters 5, 311 (1961)
  42. H. Fritzsche, Phys. Rev. 115, 336 (1959)
  43. C. Herring and E. Vogt, Phys. Rev. 101, 944 (1956)
  44. H. Y. Fan and P. Fisher, Phys. Chem. Solids 8, 270 (1962)
  45. M. Nakayama and H. Hasegawa, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 18, 229 (1963)
  46. D. Pines, J. Bardeen, and C. P. Slichter, Phys. Rev. 106, 489 (1957)
  47. E. Abrahams, Phys. Rev. 107, 491 (1957)
  48. N. Bloembergen, E. M. Purcell, and R. V. Pound, Phys. Rev. 73, 679 (1948)
  49. M. Weger, Bell System Tech. J. 34, 1013 (1960)
  50. A. Portis, Sarah Mellon Scaife Radiation Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1955, Technical Note No. 1 (unpublished)
  51. K. Halbach, Helv. Phys. Acta 27, 259 (1954)
  52. J. Hyde, Phys. Rev. 119, 1483 (1960)
  53. Nakayama and Hasegawa ([45])
  54. P. W. Anderson and P. R. Weiss, Rev. Mod. Phys. 25, 269 (1953)
  55. H. Fritzsche, Phys. Rev. 125, 1552 (1962)

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. 134, A265– Published 6 April, 1964
  • Received 4 November 1963

© 1964 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation