Detection of Double Resonance by Frequency Change: Application to <span class="aps-inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Hg</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>201</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>

Robert H. Kohler

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.121.1104

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Detection of Double Resonance by Frequency Change: Application to ${Hg}^{201}$

Robert H. Kohler^*

Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts

^*Present address, Columbia Radiation Laboratory, Physics Department, Columbia University, New York.

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Phys. Rev. 121, 1104 – Published 15 February, 1961

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.121.1104

Abstract

A new type of double-resonance experiment that depends on wavelength effects rather than on polarization effects is discussed. Incident polarized light is replaced by incident light of wavelength coincident with just one component of the structure to be measured. The analyzer is replaced by a cell of gas that absorbs just that same component and lets the others pass. Magnetic resonance from the excited component to one of the others is monitored by increases in the light transmitted through the absorbing gas. This experiment requires that the Doppler width be smaller than the structure. This method was first applied to measure the hyperfine structure of the ${}^{3}P_{1}$ state of ${Hg}^{201}$ . The incident light and absorbing gas were both supplied by separated ${Hg}^{198}$ , whose resonance line coincides naturally with one component of the ${Hg}^{201}$ hyperfine structure. Measurement of ${Hg}^{201}$ is discussed in detail. The following hfs intervals were found: $f (\frac{1}{2} \leftrightarrow \frac{3}{2}) = 7551.613 \pm 0.013$ Mc/sec and $f (\frac{3}{2} \leftrightarrow \frac{5}{2}) = 13 986.557 \pm 0.008$ Mc/sec. The magnetic dipole and electric dipole interaction constants, calculated without quadratic hfs corrections, are $a = - 5454.569 \pm 0.003$ Mc/sec, $b = - 280.107 \pm 0.005$ Mc/sec.

Means for applying the method when there is no isotope coincidence are given. This new method is compared with the polarization technique and is found to give signal-to-noise ratios that are orders of magnitude higher.

References (22)

R. H. Kohler, Quarterly Progress Report, Research Laboratory of Electonics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, July 15, 1956 (unpublished), pp. 20-21
R. H. Kohler, Quarterly Progress Report, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 15, 1958 (unpublished), p. 39
R. H. KohlerZ. Physik 151, 328 (1958)
J. Brossel and F. Bitter, Phys. Rev. 86, 308 (1952)
E. U. Condon and G. Shortley, The Theory of Atomic Spectra (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1953)
N. H. Ramsey, Molecular Beams (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1956)
R. Engstrom, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 37, 420 (1947)
C. G. Montgomery, Technique of Microwave Measurements, Radiation Laboratory Series (McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1947), Vol. 11
H. Morgenau and G. M. Murphy, The Mathematics of Physics and Chemistry (D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., New York, 1943)
H. Kopfermann, Nuclear Moments (Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1958)
C. Schwartz, Phys. Rev. 97, 380 (1955)
H. Casimir, On the Interaction between Atomic Nuclei and Electrons (Teylors Tweede Genootschap, Haarlam, 1936), Vol. 11, p. 36
B. Cagnac and J. Brossel, Compt. rend. 249, 77 (1959)
C. Stager and R. Kohler, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 5, 274 (1960)
F. Bitter, S. P. Davis, B. Richter, and J. E. R. Young, Phys. Rev. 96, 1531 (1954)
P. Sagalyn, Phys. Rev. 94, 885 (1954)
P. Sagalyn, A. Melissionos, and F. Bitter, Phys. Rev. 109, 375 (1958)
R. H. Kohler, Quarterly Progress Report No. 52, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 15, 1959 (unpublished), pp. 32-37
R. H. Kohler, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, August, 1960 (unpublished)
J. E. R. Young, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, July, 1956, (unpublished)
A. Mitchell and M. Zemansky, Resonance Radiation and Excited Atoms (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1939)
R. Dicke, Phys. Rev. 93, 99 (1954)

[c1] R. H. Kohler, Quarterly Progress Report, Research Laboratory of Electonics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, July 15, 1956 (unpublished), pp. 20-21

[c2] R. H. Kohler, Quarterly Progress Report, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 15, 1958 (unpublished), p. 39

[c3] R. H. KohlerZ. Physik 151, 328 (1958)

[c4] J. Brossel and F. Bitter, Phys. Rev. 86, 308 (1952)

[c5] E. U. Condon and G. Shortley, The Theory of Atomic Spectra (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1953)

[c6] N. H. Ramsey, Molecular Beams (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1956)

[c7] R. Engstrom, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 37, 420 (1947)

[c8] C. G. Montgomery, Technique of Microwave Measurements, Radiation Laboratory Series (McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1947), Vol. 11

[c9] H. Morgenau and G. M. Murphy, The Mathematics of Physics and Chemistry (D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., New York, 1943)

[c10] H. Kopfermann, Nuclear Moments (Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1958)

[c11] C. Schwartz, Phys. Rev. 97, 380 (1955)

[c12] H. Casimir, On the Interaction between Atomic Nuclei and Electrons (Teylors Tweede Genootschap, Haarlam, 1936), Vol. 11, p. 36

[c13] B. Cagnac and J. Brossel, Compt. rend. 249, 77 (1959)

[c14] C. Stager and R. Kohler, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 5, 274 (1960)

[c15] F. Bitter, S. P. Davis, B. Richter, and J. E. R. Young, Phys. Rev. 96, 1531 (1954)

[c16] P. Sagalyn, Phys. Rev. 94, 885 (1954)

[c17] P. Sagalyn, A. Melissionos, and F. Bitter, Phys. Rev. 109, 375 (1958)

[c18] R. H. Kohler, Quarterly Progress Report No. 52, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 15, 1959 (unpublished), pp. 32-37

[c19] R. H. Kohler, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, August, 1960 (unpublished)

[c20] J. E. R. Young, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, July, 1956, (unpublished)

[c21] A. Mitchell and M. Zemansky, Resonance Radiation and Excited Atoms (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1939)

[c22] R. Dicke, Phys. Rev. 93, 99 (1954)

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Detection of Double Resonance by Frequency Change: Application to ${Hg}^{201}$

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Detection of Double Resonance by Frequency Change: Application to Hg201

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Detection of Double Resonance by Frequency Change: Application to ${Hg}^{201}$