Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation in Metals

A. G. Anderson; A. G. Redfield

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.116.583

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Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation in Metals

A. G. Anderson^* and A. G. Redfield

International Business Machines Watson Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York

^*Present address: IBM Research Laboratory, San Jose, California.

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Phys. Rev. 116, 583 – Published 1 November, 1959

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.116.583

Abstract

The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time, $T_{1}$ , has been measured in the range of 1.1°K to 4.2°K for the metals lithium, sodium, aluminum, and copper. A combination of nuclear magnetic resonance at fixed frequency and adiabatic variation of the magnetic field was used to measure $T_{1}$ as a function of field between zero and one thousand gauss. At fields of between one hundred and one thousand gauss $T_{1}$ is independent of magnetic field and inversely proportional to temperature in agreement with theory. The experimental values of the relaxation time multiplied by absolute temperature in sec °K are 44±2.0 for ${Li}^{7}$ ; 5.1±0.3 for ${Na}^{23}$ ; 1.80±0.05 for ${Al}^{27}$ ; 1.27±0.07 for ${Cu}^{63}$ . These values are in good agreement with previous experimental data at room temperature and above. At fields comparable with the nuclear magnetic dipole-dipole fields, $T_{1}$ is a function of applied field. The theory of relaxation in low fields is presented in an elementary form. Qualitative agreement with theory is obtained for ${Al}^{27}$ and ${Cu}^{63}$ ; detailed agreement is obtained for ${Li}^{7}$ and ${Na}^{23}$ .

References (32)

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[c1] J. Korringa, Physica 16, 601 (1950)

[c2] D. Pines, Solid State Physics, edited by F. Seitz and D. Tumbull (Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1955), Vol. 1, p. 367

[c3] D. F. Holcomb and R. E. Norberg, Phys. Rev. 98, 1074 (1955)

[c4] A. G. Redfield, Phys. Rev. 98, 1787 (1955)

[c5] N. J. Poulis, Physica 16, 373 (1950)

[c6] N. Bloembergen, Physica 15, 588 (1949)

[c7] A. G. Redfield, IBM J. Research Develop. 1, 19 (1957)

[c8] L. C. Hebel and C. P. Slichter, Phys. Rev. 107, 901 (1957) ibid.113, 1504 (1959)

[c9] J. H. Van Vleck, Phys. Rev. 74, 1168 (1948)

[c10] A. Abragam and W. G. Proctor, Phys. Rev. 109, 1441 (1958)

[c11] A. G. Redfield, Phys. Rev. Letters 3, 85 (1959)

[c12] Bloembergen, Purcell, and Pound, Phys. Rev. 73, 679 (1948)

[c13] E. Turner, thesis, Harvard University, 1949 (unpublished)

[c14] A. G. Redfield, Phys. Rev. 101, 67 (1956)

[c15] Bloch, Hansen, and Packard, Phys. Rev. 70, 474 (1946)

[c16] A. G. Anderson, Phys. Rev. 115, 863 (1959)

[c17] J. R. Clement and E. H. Quinnell, Rev. Sci. Instr. 23, 213 (1952)

[c18] E. R. Andrews, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1955), Chap. 7

[c19] W. D. Knight, Phys. Rev. 76, 1259 (1949)

[c20] Townes, Herring, and Knight, Phys. Rev. 77, 852 (1950)

[c21] W. D. Knight, Solid State Physics, edited by F. Seitz and D. Turnbull (Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1956), Vol. 2

[c22] Y. Masuda, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 13, 597 (1958)

[c23] A. G. Anderson and A. G. Redfield, Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Low-Temperature Physics and Chemistry, Madison, Wisconsin, August 30, 1957, edited by J. R. Dillinger (University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1958), p. 616

[c24] F. T. Hedgcock, [23], p. 545

[c25] L. M. Roberts, Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) B70, 744 (1957)

[c26] J. G. Fletcher and D. C. Larson, Phys. Rev. 111, 455 (1958)

[c27] H. G. B. Casimir and F. K. duPre, Physica 5, 507 (1938)

[c28] M. Cohen and F. Reif, Solid State Physics edited by F. Seitz and D. Turnbull (Academic Press, New York, 1957), Vol. 5, p. 321

[c29] N. F. Ramsey and R. V. Pound, Phys. Rev. 81, 278 (1951)

[c30] L. J. F. Broer, Physica 10, 801 (1943)

[c31] J. J. Spokas and C. P. Slichter (to be published)

[c32] T. J. Rowland, Acta Met. 3, 74 (1955)

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Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation in Metals

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